露井联采逆倾边坡稳定性数值模拟

为最大限度回收资源,倾斜矿体开发时常采用露天与井工联合开采方式,形成露井联采逆倾边坡,由于受到双重采动效应影响,其变形破坏机理及稳定性问题变得极为复杂,是采矿工程领域研究的难题之一。以平庄西露天矿顶帮边坡为研究对象,同时考虑拉伸和剪切两种破坏判据,应用RFPA强度折减法对露井联采逆倾边坡岩移规律及稳定性进行了数值模拟。通过对比分析单一露天开采和露井联采条件下边坡岩体变形破坏规律、位移演化规律及应力分布特征的差异,揭示了地下开采对露天矿逆倾边坡岩移规律及稳定性的影响和原因。结果表明:单一露天开采时边坡发生滑移型破坏,而露井联采条件下边坡发生滑移-塌陷复合型破坏;受两种采动效应叠加的影响,地下采空区上方岩体以下沉为主,同时上山一侧岩体向露天采空区方向发生明显位移;受地下采动影响时,逆倾边坡稳定性下降,其根本原因是坡体内剪应力的大范围叠加升高,造成上部一定范围的岩体在边坡发生滑移前就遭到破坏,从而加剧了滑坡的发展。     

露天矿最终边坡角的快速拉格朗日有限差分法研究

某露天钼矿,矿体为石英粗面岩,下盘为流纹岩,上盘为粗面凝灰岩。原设计坑底标高为630 m,最终边坡角上盘实际取48°,下盘取50°。二期设计坑底标高为500 m。为了探索露天坑底延伸后的最终边坡角,分别应用ANSYS和快速拉格朗日有限差分法(FLAC-3D),研究矮台阶和高台阶开采的边坡稳定性及局部边坡加固方法。结果表明:应用ANSYS软件在D-P准则下研究最终边坡角及边坡稳定性是不合适的;由FLAC-3D得出经济合理的最终边坡角为48°~50°。为确保边坡的长期稳定,应用长8 m的锚索加固局部台阶,可减小其潜在的受拉区中的拉应力值;按一根锚索承担的台阶潜在的受拉区的岩体自重施加锚固力是合理的;若高台阶坡面角不变,边坡稳定性略有恶化;降低高台阶坡面角可加大边坡的稳定性。在莫尔-库伦准则下FLAC-3D适合搜索岩质边坡的潜在受拉区,据此确定最终边坡角技术可行、经济合理、简便适用。用该方法研究最终边坡角,克服了极限平衡法必须事先假定滑动面的弱点。     

Interaction between Cu2+ and different types of surface-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron during their transport in porous media

This study investigated the interaction between Cu²⁺ and nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) coated with three types of stabilizers (i.e., polyacrylic acid [PAA], Tween-20 and starch) by examining the Cu²⁺ uptake, colloidal stability and mobility of surface-modified NZVI (SM-NZVI) in the presence of Cu²⁺. The uptake of Cu²⁺ by SM-NZVI and the colloidal stability of the Cu-bearing SM-NZVI were examined in batch tests. The results showed that NZVI coated with different modifiers exhibited different affinities for Cu²⁺, which resulted in varying colloidal stability of different SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu²⁺. The presence of Cu²⁺ exerted a slight influence on the aggregation and settling of NZVI modified with PAA or Tween-20. However, the presence of Cu²⁺ caused significant aggregation and sedimentation of starch-modified NZVI, which is due to Cu²⁺ complexation with the starch molecules coated on the surface of the particles. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the co-transport of Cu²⁺ in association with SM-NZVI in water-saturated quartz sand. It was presumed that a physical straining mechanism accounted for the retention of Cu-bearing SM-NZVI in the porous media. Moreover, the enhanced aggregation of SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu²⁺ may be contributing to this straining effect.     

温度对厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮效能稳定性的影响

采用厌氧氨氧化反应器,通过氮去除速率的测定,研究了不同温度变化方式对反应器脱氮效能稳定性的影响.结果表明,温度在26～37℃之间变化时,氮去除速率在1.51～1.84 kg.(m3.d)-1之间波动.其中逐渐降温的氮去除速率变化幅度4.35%,比阶梯降温(氮去除速率变化幅度9.03%)更有利于厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮效能的稳定.当温度低于20℃时,反应器氮去除会快速下降.特别当温度低于15℃时,反应器氮去除速率下降至0.55 kg.(m3.d)-1,同时出现大量的NO2--N积累,从而抑制厌氧氨氧化反应.对其进行线性拟合发现,低于20℃时温度与氮去除速率具有明显的线性关系.根据温度变化对反应器氮去除速率稳定性的影响,提出了厌氧氨氧化反应器快速启动及实现低温高效运行的控温策略.     

Effectiveness and application of modified wind turbine coating: Adding ionic liquids to titanium dioxide and diatomaceous earth

Wind turbines are a green energy source that Taiwan has been endeavouring to develop in the past five years. Excellent onshore wind farms have already been developed; however, offshore development is inevitable because of Taiwan's limited land area. With regard to energy sustainability, operation and trouble-free maintenance of wind farms are essential. If damage to fan components can be mostly prevented, the operating cost and maintenance time would be considerably decreased; thus, remarkable economic benefits could be achieved. An appropriate coating can help a structure resist the stress of the working environment and improve its durability, resulting in lower maintenance cost and less staff being required to perform on-site repairs. Diatomaceous earth (DE) has been widely used to produce composite porous materials. In this study, epoxy resin and titanium dioxide were mixed with DE to increase the hydrophobicity of the surface of coatings and provide them photocatalytic self-cleaning ability. The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was also added to the coatings to prevent the corrosion of coated metallic material. This study employed thermal analysis to investigate the thermal stability of the coatings and the corrosion resistance of coated iron blocks. Finally, a self-made quartz container was connected to a volatile organic compound detector, and sun exposure was simulated using ultraviolet light. The results confirmed that the modified coating retained its functionality under the harsh working environment and can be applied to the surfaces of large machinery used in offshore wind turbine towers.     

基于未确知测度的岩体稳定性多元联系度评价模型*

为准确评定岩体稳定性等级,引入未确知测度理论、多元联系度理论和同异反确定不确定体系,建立基于未确知测度的岩体稳定性多元联系度评价模型。该模型通过指标组合权重值和单指标测度矩阵,得出多指标综合测度矩阵、同异反联系度矩阵和模糊评价矩阵。并借助多元联系度定量计算待评岩体的评价等级、定性分析及准确预判岩体稳定性的发展趋势,较好地优化置信度评价过程,克服传统模型不能定量表达不确定性因素的缺陷,而且拓展指标隶属等级交叉的特性。以1号岩体为例,研究结果表明:岩体的稳定性等级为Ⅲ级,处于基本稳定状态,但有着向不稳定状态（Ⅳ级）移动的趋势。模型的评价结果与实际结果相吻合,说明应用该模型评判岩体稳定性等级是有效可行的。     

大气环境影响评价中典型气象日的确定及其应用

对某地区多年气象资料进行统计和分析,给出大气环境影响评价中典型气象日的确定方法。结合高架点源影响浓度的实例计算,可以方便地得到典型气象日条件下大气污染物的日平均浓度分布情况,能够更为真实地反映该地区的实际气象条件对大气污染物分布浓度的影响情况。     

无机离子交换材料对废水中铯的吸附研究

用水热合成法合成钛硅酸钠无机离子交换材料,考察了它对Cs的吸附效果。探讨了体系pH值、温度、吸附时间等因素对吸附的影响。实验表明,所合成的钛硅酸钠对Cs的吸附能力较强,在30℃,1mol／L的H^ 环境下对Cs的吸附分配比为6066,饱和吸附量可达1．7420mmol／g。钛硅酸钠吸附Cs的稳定性实验表明,钛硅酸钠的解吸分配比很小,吸附稳定性很好。     

细菌发光传感器在快速检测污染物急性毒性中的应用

本研究以明亮发光杆菌作为指示生物,将细胞固定化技术,生物传感器技术与发光细菌毒性测试技术有机结合起来,建立一种细菌发光传感器,确定了固体化菌膜的发光强度及稳定时间,以这一检测系统测定了３种金属离子及３种有机化合物的急性毒性（以抑制菌膜发光强度５０％所需的受试物浓度ＥＣ５０值表示）并分析了毒性作用的动力学过程,实验结果表明：在Ｈ７．０温度２０℃３．０％ＮａＣｌ底液条件下固定化菌膜的发光强度达２５０～     

污染水体重金属化学稳定性的研究

本文采用湘江霞湾重金属污染江段沉积物及其相应体系,模拟实验研究了在静态和动态条件下沉积物中重金属的释放量及释放规律,获得了在50—150d的模拟实验期间沉积物中重金属的释放速率及相关系数,同时讨论了不同水环境条件对污染沉积物中重金属化学稳定性的影响。