原有路基稳定性对高速公路加宽工程的影响分析

通过数值模拟,结合高速公路加宽工程实例,分析了在原有路基未固结稳定情况下新老路基的固结沉降变形特性,并对可能的处理方法进行了分析探讨。结果表明,新老路基的沉降随着老路固结度的减小而逐渐增大,但差异沉降却逐渐减小;当老路固结度较小时,在固结后期差异沉降可能逐渐减小;轻质路堤法和复合地基法分别处理新路地基时,各有优缺点,轻质路堤法对老路附加沉降影响较大,但能较好地控制不均匀沉降,复合地基法对老路附加沉降影响很小,但在老路固结度较低时,差异沉降较大。     

地震对边斜坡稳定性的影响研究

地震作为一种突发式的自然灾害,对边斜坡稳定性的影响是显著的,因此研究边斜坡稳定性在地震动力作用下的变形、破坏具有重要的理论和现实意义.笔者在总结了地震边斜坡稳定性常用的分析方法的基础上.提出了刚体极限平衡法中地震力的确定方法及考虑地震力作用的计算模式,为地震边斜坡的稳定性评价提供了途径,为该类项目防治工程设计提供了科学的依据,值得同类工程借鉴和推广.     

Investigation of exhaled pollutant distribution in the breathing microenvironment in a displacement ventilated room with indoor air stability conditions

This study experimentally studied the dispersion of exhaled pollutant in the breathing microenvironment (BM) in a room equipped with a displacement ventilation (DV) system and indoor air stability conditions (i.e., stable and unstable conditions). The vertical temperature differences and the carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration in the BM were measured. Results show that when DV is combined with the stable condition (DS), pollutant tends to accumulate in the BM, leading to a high pollutant concentration in this region. Whereas, when DV is combined with the unstable condition (DU), pollutant diffuses to a relatively wider area beyond the BM, thus the pollutant concentration in the BM is substantially reduced. Moreover, increasing the flow rate can reduce the pollutant concentration in the BM of the DS but yields little difference of the DU. In addition, personal exposure intensity increases with time, and the DS has a relatively higher increase rate than DU. The results suggest that indoor air stability will affect the performance of DV systems. DS will lead to a higher health risk for people when they stay in the indoor environment with pollutant sources, and DU is recommended for minimizing pollutant level in the BM in order to reduce the pollutant concentration and providing better air environments for the occupants.     

Structural changes in lake functioning induced from nutrient loading and climate variability

Climate variability is increasingly recognized as an important regulatory factor, capable of influencing the structural properties of aquatic ecosystems. Lakes appear to be particularly sensitive to the ecological impacts of climate variability, and several long time series have shown a close coupling between climate, lake thermal properties and individual organism physiology, population abundance, community structure, and food web dynamics. Thus, understanding the complex interplay among meteorological forcing, hydrological variability, and ecosystem functioning is essential for improving the credibility of model-based water resources/fisheries management. Our objective herein is to examine the relative importance of the ecological mechanisms underlying plankton seasonal variability in Lake Washington, Washington State (USA), over a 35-year period (1964–1998). Our analysis is founded upon an intermediate complexity plankton model that is used to reproduce the limiting nutrient (phosphate)–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (particulate phosphorus) dynamics in the lake. Model parameterization is based on a Bayesian calibration scheme that offers insights into the degree of information the data contain about model inputs and allows obtaining predictions along with uncertainty bounds for modeled output variables. The model accurately reproduces the key seasonal planktonic patterns in Lake Washington and provides realistic estimates of predictive uncertainty for water quality variables of environmental management interest. A principal component analysis of the annual estimates of the underlying ecological processes highlighted the significant role of the phosphorus recycling stemming from the zooplankton excretion on the planktonic food web variability. We also identified a moderately significant signature of the local climatic conditions (air temperature) on phytoplankton growth (r = 0.41), herbivorous grazing (r = 0.38), and detritus mineralization (r = 0.39). Our study seeks linkages with the conceptual food web model proposed by Hampton et al. [Hampton, S.E., Scheuerell, M.D., Schindler, D.E., 2006b. Coalescence in the Lake Washington story: interaction strengths in a planktonic food web. Limnol. Oceanogr. 51, 2042–2051.] to emphasize the “bottom-up” control of the Lake Washington plankton phenology. The posterior predictive distributions of the plankton model are also used to assess the exceedance frequency and confidence of compliance with total phosphorus (15 μg L⁻¹) and chlorophyll a (4 μg L⁻¹) threshold levels during the summer-stratified period in Lake Washington. Finally, we conclude by underscoring the importance of explicitly acknowledging the uncertainty in ecological forecasts to the management of freshwater ecosystems under a changing global environment.     

某市饮用水水质生物稳定性研究

研究某市的几个典型水厂的ＡＯＣ和ＢＤＯＣ含量和其在处理工艺和管 的变化规律,以及对爆管管道取样作扫描电镜分析,得到初步结论：（１）水源水质较好的水厂其出厂水和管网水中ＡＯＣ含量相对较低,反之则高,（２）在饮用水中ＡＯＣ与ＢＤＯＣ之比变化较大,但大量数据统计结果表明平均约为３０－４０％,因此如果以ＢＤＯＣ作为饮用水生物稳定性的评价指标也是可以的,（３）常规给水处理工艺对ＡＯＣ的支 动较大,大多数情况     

挥发性有机化合物催化氧化催化剂的制备和性能研究

研制出用于催化氧化废气中挥发性有机化合物（ＶＯＣ）的非贵金属氧化物催化剂,在固定床上,处理含醋酸丁酯的模拟气,考察了空速、浓度等因素对催化剂活性的影响及催化剂的耐热性能,当空速为５０００ｈ＾－１,进气温度为２２０℃、醋酸丁酯质量浓度为２．４～５．８ｇ／ｍ＾２时,醋酸丁酯的去除率〉９８％,而且该催化剂人具有较高的热稳定性。     

尾叶悬钩子红色素的性质及其稳定性

对尾叶悬钩子红色素的基本理化性质,及光、温度、PH值,氧化还原介质、5种金属离子和3种食品添加剂对其稳定性的影响进行了分析探讨,结果表明,尾叶悬钩子鲜果中总花色苷含量高,其色素属水溶性花青苷类,该色素在60℃以下较稳定,但抗氧化和还原性较差,金属离子中Fe^3 等对色素的吸光度有明显影响,而Cu^2＋,Mg^2 及低浓度Zn^2 影响不大,Mn^2 、较高浓度（ρ＝100－300mgL^-1）的Zn^2＋、葡萄糖、苯甲酸钠则对色素稳定性无影响,并有不同程度的护色效果。图6表6参6     

Rare earth elements tracing the soil erosion processes on slope surface under natural rainfall

A field experiment using rare earth elements (REEs) as tracers was conducted to investigate soil erosion processes on slope surfaces during rainfall events. A plot of 10 m × 2 m × 0.16 m with a gradient of 20° (36.4%) was established and the plot was divided into two layers and four segments. Various REE tracers were applied to the different layers and segments to determine sediment dynamics under natural rainfall. Results indicated that sheet erosion accounted for more than 90% of total erosion when the rainfall amount and density was not large enough to generate concentrated flows. Sediment source changed in different sections on the slope surface, and the primary sediment source area tended to move upslope as erosion progressed. In rill erosion, sediment discharge mainly originated from the toe-slope and moved upwards as erosion intensified. The results obtained from this study suggest that multi-REE tracer technique is valuable in understanding the erosion processes and determining sediment sources.     

污泥水煤浆的基础特性研究

通过与纯水煤浆的对比实验,分析了污泥添加量对水煤浆流变性、稳定性及燃烧等基础特性的影响。结果表明,在污泥添加比例为5％～10％,分散剂用量为0．6％～1．2％,稳定剂用量为0．1％的情况下,可以得到流变性和稳定性良好的污泥水煤浆。随着水煤浆中污泥添加比例的提高,着火温度T1降低,燃尽温度提前,燃烧特性变好。管式炉中燃烧实验表明,试样中硫析出率随温度的升高而增大,而污泥水煤浆比纯水煤浆具有更好的固硫效果。     

无皂乳液聚合改性废聚苯乙烯

以聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯—丙烯酸钠)(P (BMA- AANa))为乳化剂,采用无皂乳液聚合技术,利用BMA对废聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫塑料进行接枝改性.实验得出适宜的工艺条件:P(BMA - AANa)质量分数为51.5％,m(BMA)∶m(丙烯酸)=4∶6,PS和BMA质量分数之和为10.0％;m(PS)∶m(BMA) =...