基于FLAC3D的某桥头边坡稳定性数值模拟分析

某桥头边坡属顺层岩质坡,在桥墩加载及下游水库蓄水的影响下,边坡初始应力状态将发生改变,极有可能导致边坡失稳。通过对库岸边坡破坏模式的分析,建立了该边坡地质概化模型,确定了岩体及控制性结构面的物理力学参数,并基于FLAC 3D软件对该边坡在不同工况条件下的稳定性状态进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明:目前条件下边坡整体趋于稳定,但桥墩加载会导致边坡稳定性一定程度的降低,水库蓄水会导致边坡稳定性显著降低。最后为进一步探讨边坡加固方案提出了具体的防治措施与建议。     

气态膜吸收分离二甲胺水溶液的研究

利用自制的高效中空纤维膜组件,通过气态膜吸收法分离二甲胺水溶液.在本实验范围内,把总传质系数和二甲胺脱除率作为评价因素,对影响传质效果的3个因素进行了正交实验.从实验数据可以看出,进口温度升高使得总传质系数与脱除率增大,流速增大使得脱出率下降而总传质系数增大,初始进口浓度对总传质系数与脱除率影响不大.单因素实验得出传质效果最佳的条件为:二甲胺溶液进口温度为45℃,二甲胺溶液流速为0.08m·s-1,二甲胺溶液初始进口浓度为3000×10-6.结果表明二甲胺溶液进口温度是最显著的影响因素,二甲胺溶液流量的影响次之,二甲胺溶液初始进口浓度影响不显著.通过膜组件稳定性实验,了解到膜组件运行550h性能依然很高.     

ABR耦合CSTR一体化工艺好氧颗粒污泥亚硝化性能调控及稳态研究

本研究将厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)末端两隔室分别改为曝气池与沉淀池,使其成为厌氧耦合好氧一体化工艺,探索连续流条件下好氧颗粒污泥亚硝化实现条件.分别在厌氧区和好氧区接种厌氧颗粒污泥和好氧颗粒污泥,控制好氧区沉淀时间为1 h,好氧区C/N比由1逐渐降低至0.4,并逐步提高进水氨氮容积负荷[由0.89 kg·(m3·d)-1提高至2.23 kg·(m3·d)-1].经45 d的运行,在好氧区成功培养出成熟的亚硝化颗粒污泥,其外观呈黄色,结构密实、边缘清晰,出水亚硝酸盐积累率稳定在80%左右.游离氨(FA)和游离亚硝酸(FNA)共同抑制作用是实现稳定亚硝酸盐积累的关键因素.运行初期部分好氧颗粒污泥出现解体现象,好氧区产生大量絮体;但后期絮体逐步转化为小粒径颗粒污泥,表明一定数量的有机碳源有利于絮体颗粒化,而大量富集慢速生长的硝化细菌对颗粒的稳定维持起重要作用.     

某边坡地震工况下的稳定性数值模拟分析

地震是引起边坡失稳的重要因素之一,文章以怒江上游干流左岸一边坡为例,利用Flac3D软件对其在地震工况下的稳定性进行了数值模拟分析。通过对比得出:在天然工况下,边坡塑性区域分布范围较小且零星,剪应变增量和位移场分布均合理分布,边坡处于稳定状态;在地震工况下,塑性区域形成贯通面,剪应力增量集中分布在基岩与变形带分界面,并且位移大幅增加,此时边坡处于失稳破坏状态。文章对揭示边坡在地震作用下失稳机制提供有益参考。     

天山北坡经济带工业碳排放影响因素实证分析

在天山北麓9个州(市、地区)2002-2011年工业能源消费量、人口等数据基础上,利用LMDI法对该地区工业碳排放影响因素进行实证分析,结果表明,经济发展水平、工业化水平、人口规模是天山北坡经济带工业碳排放增加的拉动因素。工业能源强度和工业能源消费结构的变化是天山北坡经济带工业碳排放增加的抑制因素。总体来说,该地区抑制因素的抑制作用远小于拉动因素的拉动作用,工业碳排放量呈现增加趋势。     

动载下高密度全尾砂胶结充填体稳定性试验研究

为研究动载下高密度全尾砂胶结充填体(HTB)的稳定性,制备直径为50 mm×25 mm的HTB试件,进行静态单轴压缩试验。首次采用分离式霍普金森杆(SHPB)装置研究HTB的动态力学性质,通过观察冲击试验后试件的破坏程度,来评判高应变率下试件的稳定性。结果表明:HTB试件波阻抗较小,对弹性应力波传播有较强的阻尼作用;在冲击载荷下,试件最大应变率可达305 s-1,动态抗压强度随着应变率的增加而增大,最大动态抗压强度为17 MPa;HTB试件的稳定性与应变率密切相关,当应变率低于10 s-1时,试件稳定性较好;当应变率为10~39 s-1时,试件产生一定的损伤裂纹,但尚有一定的残余强度;当应变率大于39 s-1时,试件完全失稳。     

Land use dynamics and soil quality in agro-forest systems: a country-scale assessment in Italy

The present study compares the spatial distribution of selected rural land use classes in Italy with two soil indicators (a Soil Quality Index [SQI] and the Maximum potential Water Capacity of the soil [MWC]) at three points in time (1960, 1990 and 2006). Results of the analysis showed that landscape changes reflect a ‘migration’ of both semi-natural (forests, pastures) and agricultural (arable land, vineyards) uses towards areas with lower-quality soils. In particular, the agricultural ‘mosaic’ and shrubland-pasture classes that occupied land in 2006 had significant lower values of both the SQI and MWC compared to 1960. These processes may have implications for the stability of agro-forest ecosystems in the medium term. Due to its versatility, the procedure illustrated represents a monitoring tool for sustainable land management at the regional and country scales.     

Selecting the Best Compatible SVC Type in Power Systems for transient Stability

Considering the increased trend to use renewable energy to meet electrical energy demands, a reliable performance also should be adopted in transmitting the generated power through the stable transmission and subtransmission systems for which nowadays Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers are used extensively. Transient stability is one of the most important issues in power system stability analysis. FACTS devices have confirmed their capabilities in various aspects in power networks. In this paper, to improve transient stability of power systems, a shunt connected FACTS devices have been introduced, i.e., Static VAR compensators (SVCs). The SVC has the most diversified branches among FACTS devices. The main aim of this work is to study and analyze the impact of eight branches of SVC on improvement of transient stability and to choose the best of them. Simulations are performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.     

Stability and deformation of surrounding rock in pillarless gob-side entry retaining

We analyzed the stability of the retained gob-side entry in four different Chinese coal mining sites and evaluated the influencing factors of roadway deformation such as mining depth, support strength and area of gob-side hanging roof. It was found that the length of cantilever roof block above roadway has a major impact on the deformation, whereas the impact of mining depth is minor if the depth is less than 500 m. Minimum support resistance of 0.3 MPa is essential to effectively confine the deformation of a retained roadway. We performed physical experiments to further study the features of roof fracturing and their impact on roadway deformation under three typical immediate roof conditions, i.e., thick-immediate roof, thin-immediate roof and non-immediate roof. In addition, equations to calculate desired support resistance of filled gob-side wall were derived based on superimposed continuous laminate model. The results provide valuable theoretical and practical guidance for implementing pillarless gob-side entry retaining in engineering practices.     

Demographic Stability Metrics for Conservation Prioritization of Isolated Populations

Abstract:  Systems of geographically isolated habitat patches house species that occur naturally as small, disjunct populations. Many of these species are of conservation concern, particularly under the interacting influences of isolation and rapid global change. One potential conservation strategy is to prioritize the populations most likely to persist through change and act as sources for future recolonization of less stable localities. We propose an approach to classify long-term population stability (and, presumably, future persistence potential) with composite demographic metrics derived from standard population-genetic data. Stability metrics can be related to simple habitat measures for a straightforward method of classifying localities to inform conservation management. We tested these ideas in a system of isolated desert headwater streams with mitochondrial sequence data from 16 populations of a flightless aquatic insect. Populations exhibited a wide range of stability scores, which were significantly predicted by dry-season aquatic habitat size. This preliminary test suggests strong potential for our proposed method of classifying isolated populations according to persistence potential. The approach is complementary to existing methods for prioritizing local habitats according to diversity patterns and should be tested further in other systems and with additional loci to inform composite demographic stability scores.