有机磷农药标准溶液稳定性的研究

用气相色谱对不同介质中有机磷标准溶液的稳定性进行了研究.用HP-1毛细管柱对敌敌畏、马拉硫磷、对硫磷和甲基对硫磷进行分离,氮磷检测器检测,考查了四种有机磷标准在甲醇、丙酮和氯仿中的稳定性.试验表明,用丙酮和氯仿为介质的有机磷标准溶液稳定性较好,在考查的浓度范围内浓度和相应的峰高线性响应良好,相关系数均〉0.997,而甲醇作为介质对有机磷的稳定性有一定的影响,对敌敌畏和马拉硫磷的影响最大,在同样的浓度范围内几乎不成线性,稀释倍数越大影响越大.     

某公路滑坡的变形机理与稳定性分析

通过对某公路边坡的变形破坏机理分析,表明滑坡的发生是由于坡脚的小规模开挖引发的局部变形破坏了坡体中原有的地下水排泄通道,使地下水水位抬升,从而使边坡稳定性进一步降低,造成变形破坏向坡体的上部发展,最终导致整体的滑动。稳定性计算表明,此滑坡整体稳定性差,需要作加固处理。综合分析地质条件后,选择抗滑桩和坡面护坡的方法来治理滑坡,并达到了较好的效果。     

Phosphorus limitation on bacterial regrowth in drinking water

Assimilable organic carbon(AOC) test and bacterial regrowth potential(BRP) analysis were used to investigate the effect of phosphorus on bacterial regrowth in the drinking water that was made from some raw water taken from a reservoir located in northern China. It was shown that AOC of the drinking water samples increased by 43.9%—59.6% and BRP increased by 100%—235% when 50 μg/L PO4^3--P(as NaH2PO4 ) was added alone to the drinking water samples. This result was clear evidence of phosphorus limitation on bacteria regrowth in the drinking water. This investigation indicated the importance of phosphorus in ensuring biological stability of drinking water and offered a novel possible option to restrict microbial regrowth in drinking water distribution system by applying appropriate technologies to remove phosphorus efficiently from drinking water in China.     

露天煤矿复垦土地的植物群落多样性与稳定性

随着科学技术的不断发展和进步,人类对自然的干扰越来越强,引发了许多环境问题,使生态系统在不断的退化。“生物多样性”已成为近年来生态学中最为集中的研究热点之一。本文以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例,讨论了露天煤矿复垦区的植物群落多样性与稳定性,旨在对矿区土地复垦与生态重建中的重合生态系统,提供了一定的理论依据。     

自然保护区学研究与景观生态学基本理论

本文尝试把景观生态学思想融于自然保护区理论中，较系统地论述了以景观结构与功能原理、景观异质性理论、景观格局理论、等级—尺度理论、干扰学说、生物多样性原理以及景观稳定性理论等景观生态学的基本理论为基础的自然保护区学的研究     

基于岩体扰动参数的边坡结构优化

为了研究岩体扰动参数对边坡稳定性的影响,根据某露天边坡岩体物理性质及坡体钻孔勘探结果,分析了边坡体各岩组在不同扰动参数下的强度弱化过程;考虑由扰动产生的节理裂隙对边坡稳定性的影响,通过Phase^2软件对仿真计算模型进行了不同扰动程度的区域划分;同时提出了一种用于直观表征露天整天边坡稳定性的安全系数“玫瑰花”图。结果表明:各边帮受节理切割和爆破扰动的影响,稳定性差异较大,部分边帮安全储备充足,仍存在优化空间;节理裂隙几何位置对边坡失稳滑移面具有控制作用,对于近乎顺层岩质边坡,其破坏主要沿节理面剪切滑移;对于具有浅埋倾覆节理面边坡,由于岩体强度较高易发生倾倒破坏,所绘制的边坡安全系数“玫瑰花”图可直观表征露天边坡整体稳定性,考虑局部扰动影响对边坡稳定性分析进行精细化表征,为矿山边坡角度的进一步优化提供了一定的参考指标。     

复杂适应系统视角下矿工自制力影响因素研究

为了提高矿工自制力水平、进一步减少煤矿事故中的人因事故,基于复杂适应系统理论及系统动力学知识,通过Vensim PLE软件研究矿工主体与安检人员、环境、工作任务特征3个系统之间的相互作用,并从矿工个体角度构建自制力影响因素仿真模型。研究结果表明:矿工情绪对自制力提升最为显著,疲劳程度对矿工自制力的抑制作用较突出,过高或过低的自信心水平均会对矿工自制力产生削弱影响;因此,改善工作环境、提高整体组织氛围、保证矿工的情绪稳定性以及通过改善作业制度降低疲劳程度对提高自制力最为有效。煤矿企业应根据各因素在工作时间段的不同作用,结合矿工自身生理心理因素,采取相应措施以提高矿工自制力水平。     

THE STABILITY IN WATER OF A NEW CHLORAMINE DISINFECTANT1

ABSTRACT: The stability in water of a novel new chloramine agent, 3-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone (agent I), which is an excellent water disinfectant, has been compared to the stabilities of several other water disinfectants. The agents tested in addition to agent I included N-chlorosuccinimide, 2, 4-dichloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, tichloroisocyanuric acid, calcium hypochlorite, commercial grade HTH, and household bleach. The total chlorine content of a water solution of agent I in a demand free environment remains constant over a period of at least eight weeks, while that for all of the other agents declines markedly over that time period. An explanation for these observations will be offered. Prior work in these laboratories concerning use of agent I as a disinfectant for lake water in a laboratory scale treatment plant had shown that agent I has considerable potential for use as an alternative to chlorine gas for water disinfection.     

滑坡稳定性的模糊综合评定：以陕西渭南地区重点滑坡为例

本文选用地形地貌、岩性结构、构造、大气降雨、水文地质和人类活动6个定量化的环境因子作为评定滑坡稳定性的标志。利用模糊综合评判方法,对陕西渭南地区数十个滑坡的目前稳定性作了分级判别。按渭南地区的实际情况将其稳定性分为稳定滑坡、较稳定滑坡、不稳定滑坡三级,其结果与实际较为符合。     

Species composition and soil erosion on a ski area in Hokkaido,northern Japan

In 1986 and 1987, a study on factors governing revegetation on ski grounds was conducted at Teine ski ground (built in 1971) located near the city of Sapporo in northern Japan. Soil movement, slope gradient, distance from forest edge, vegetation cover, and number of species on the ski ground were examined. Although artificial sowing of exotic plants was undertaken in the whole ground surface at the time of opening, bare land occurred in ca. 50% of surveyed plots and the ski ground was mostly covered with native plants. The number of species was positively correlated to vegetation cover, which was low in the sites where intensive soil erosions occurred in winter. A principal component analysis of plant species distinguished three major groups of factors, i.e., vegetation cover (first axis, contribution rate 30.3%), soil erosion in winter and slope gradient (second, 23.1%), and distance from forest edge (third, 16.3%). The vegetation characteristics on the ski ground were not determined by a single environmental gradient but by the combination of factors described above. In particular, soil movements, which are mostly derived from snowmelt, are considered to be the initiator of vegetation changes.