低温硫铁化合物氧化诱导期试验研究

以设备腐蚀样品和均相沉淀样品为研究对象,运用差示扫描量热法测定硫铁化合物的氧化诱导期,并考察了粒径、升温速率和空气流量对硫铁化合物氧化诱导期的影响。结果表明,两种样品在125~200℃范围内均处于活跃的自热阶段,热稳定性较差,样品粒径在44~74μm范围内,升温速率越小,空气流量越大,样品自燃倾向性越高。     

城市污染河道沉积物有机质的氧化稳定性

为了研究城市河道沉积物有机质的氧化稳定性,以氧化稳定系数(Kos)和腐殖化程度(HA/FA)作为评价指标,在用H2O2处理沉积物的基础上,探讨城市污染河道有机质含量、有机质组成等对氧化稳定性的影响.结果显示,污染河道沉积物有机质含量明显高于自然水生态系统沉积物有机质含量;富里酸(FA)、胡敏酸(HA)、胡敏素(HM)是污染河道沉积物有机质主要赋存形式,其中胡敏素是主体,占全部有机质的65%以上;易氧化有机质(OMr)和难氧化有机质(OMd)与总有机质含量均显著正相关(P0.05);OMd的含量可以更直观地反映河道污染程度;重污染河道沉积物有机质去除量较高;随着有机质的去除,沉积物Kos在总体上有上升的趋势;不同形态有机组分其Kos差异性明显(P0.05),以HM为主的紧结态腐殖质的Kos值最高;用HA/FA和OMr可从大体上表征沉积物的氧化稳定性;HA、FA是影响城市河道沉积物氧化稳定性的主要因素.     

添加SO42-对SCR中V2O5基催化剂性能影响的实验研究

通过实验,研究了添加SO42-对SCR中V2O5基催化剂活性和热稳定性的影响。实验时,在催化剂制作过程中加入硫酸铵,通过浸渍法制得活性物质V2O5的含量均为1%,而SO42-的含量不同的催化剂,并在自制的固定床反应器上,在NH3/NOx为1.0,模拟烟气流量为72L·h-1的条件下对其活性进行了研究。结果表明,当加入的SO42-质量分数为5.01%时,对催化剂活性的提高最显著。随后在TGA92热重-差热分析仪上进行了热重实验,分析结果表明添加的硫酸根可以轻微提高热稳定性,且不会影响电厂SCR催化剂的使用。     

Study on assessment of slope stability and mixed disposal of overburden in voids of Singrauli Coalfield

The mining industry can be considered the backbone of the Indian economy as well as facilitating the power that drives most of the other industries in the company. The overburden and waste rocks produced during coal mining are major concerns in regard to the amount of land that is required for their disposal, as well as the stability of dumps for these materials, which are of increasing height. Land reclamation issues are also a concern. In this work the adverse impacts caused by the dumping of overburden on land and acidic mine water on water bodies is discussed. Remote sensing tools were used along with the laboratory experimentation to assess the various impacts. This study also shows that silt released from waste dumps, can affected the angle of repose of the overburden dump slope. The angle of repose of the overburden materials varies with particle size composition. Thus, use of in‐pit crushers in large opencast mining operations can effectively reduce the area locked under the waste dumps. The acid neutralization potential of fly ash and overburden for the treatment of acid water was tested in the laboratory by using fly ash and waste rock materials on acidic coalfield water. The results are encouraging, and fly ash may prove to be a good acid neutralizer when used in conjunction of coal overburden material.     

长倾向矿体连续回采对采场稳定性的影响

为研究沿倾向延伸较长但不属于深部开采的一类矿体在连续回采时对采场稳定性的影响,采用数值模拟方法对云南某磷矿的地下开采进行了计算,系统分析了采场顶板、矿柱的位移、应力及塑性区等特征在矿体连续回采过程中的变化规律.结果表明,开采深度越大,当前作业采场的顶板沉降越大,而且随着其回采结束,采场顶板位移并不会停止,而是会随着后续采场的开采继续增大直至全部采场作业结束,即采场顶板的位移具有累积效应;另外,随着采场逐渐下移,顶板和矿柱所承受的应力越来越大,塑性区分布范围亦呈扩大态势,表明按照浅部结构参数设置的采场在开采下部矿体时已不能完全满足稳定性和安全性的要求.因此,对于非深部开采但倾向延伸较长的矿体回采,在开采下部矿体时不能简单照搬浅部的采场结构参数进行作业,而应适当增大矿柱尺寸或减小矿房和矿柱间距,以保证采场的持续稳定及矿山生产安全.     

Interaction between Cu and different types of surface-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron during their transport in porous media

This study investigated the interaction between Cu^2 + and nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) coated with three types of stabilizers (i.e., polyacrylic acid [PAA], Tween-20 and starch) by examining the Cu^2 + uptake, colloidal stability and mobility of surface-modified NZVI (SM-NZVI) in the presence of Cu^2 +. The uptake of Cu^2 + by SM-NZVI and the colloidal stability of the Cu-bearing SM-NZVI were examined in batch tests. The results showed that NZVI coated with different modifiers exhibited different affinities for Cu^2 +, which resulted in varying colloidal stability of different SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu^2 +. The presence of Cu^2 + exerted a slight influence on the aggregation and settling of NZVI modified with PAA or Tween-20. However, the presence of Cu^2 + caused significant aggregation and sedimentation of starch-modified NZVI, which is due to Cu^2 + complexation with the starch molecules coated on the surface of the particles. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the co-transport of Cu^2 + in association with SM-NZVI in water-saturated quartz sand. It was presumed that a physical straining mechanism accounted for the retention of Cu-bearing SM-NZVI in the porous media. Moreover, the enhanced aggregation of SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu^2 + may be contributing to this straining effect.     

Succinate-bonded pullulan: An efficient and reusable super-sorbent for cadmium-uptake from spiked high-hardness groundwater

Chemically modified pullulan was evaluated for its sorption efficiency and selectivity to remove cadmium(Cd) from spiked high-hardness groundwater(GW). Pullulan esterified with succinic anhydride using dimethylaminopyridine showed a fairly high degree of substitution value as confirmed by1 H NMR spectroscopy. Pullulan succinate(Pull-Suc) was converted into the sodium salt(Pull-Suc-Na). The effect of contact time(5–200 min) and p H(2–8) on Cd-uptake by the sorbent(Pull-Suc-Na) was investigated. The sorbent showed more than 90% Cd-removal in first 15 min from distilled water(DW) and GW solution,respectively. Comparison of Pull-Suc-Na with other polysaccharidal sorbents suggested its high efficiency(DW 476.2 mg/g and GW 454.5 mg/g) and selectivity for the removal of Cd by an ion exchange mechanism, which is further supported by the negative Gibbs free energy values calculated from Langmuir isotherms. A Langmuir isotherm kinetic model provided the best fit for the sorption of Cd using Pull-Suc-Na. The sorbent showed a negligible decrease in Cd-uptake over three regeneration cycles. The thermal stability testing of the sorbents indicated that Pull-Suc-Na(sorbent) is more stable than Pull-Suc.     

C60丙二酸二(2,4,6-三硝基苯乙基)酯马来酸聚合物铅盐的合成

以TNT和甲醛为原料,首先得到2,4,6-三硝基苯乙醇(TNPE),TNPE和丙二酰氯经酯化反应合成得到丙二酸二(2,4,6-三硝基苯乙基)酯(TNPEM),TNPEM与C60通过Bingel反应制备了C60丙二酸二(2,4,6-三硝基苯乙基)酯(FTNPEM).FTNPEM再与马来酸和硝酸铅通过共聚合成盐反应得到含能的C60丙二酸二(2,4,6-三硝基苯乙基)酯马来酸聚合物铅盐5.采用FT-IR、UV-Vis、GPC、XPS、XRD等表征方法对聚合物及其铅盐的结构进行了分析.利用差热分析法(DTA)和热重分析法(TGA)对聚合物铅盐5的热稳定性及其对RDX的热分解催化作用进行了研究.结果表明,在空气气氛下,聚合物铅盐5初始分解峰值温度为239℃,表明产物热稳定性良好.对RDX热分解催化作用研究结果表明,聚合物铅盐5能加速RDX的分解,并使RDX分解峰温降低6℃.     

基于改进物元可拓模型的采空区稳定性评价

为实现对采空区稳定性的准确评价,选取岩石抗压强度、采场埋深、暴露时间等13项影响因子,建立采空区稳定性评价指标体系。应用物元分析理论,通过物元构造、关联函数求解等步骤建立采空区稳定性评价的物元可拓模型。通过隶属函数对模型的物元量值规格化处理,运用改进层次分析法确定评价指标权重,从而得到改进的物元可拓评价模型。以山东某金矿6个采空区为例,运用改进物元可拓模型对其稳定性进行评价,并与模糊评价结果比较。采用空区探测系统对两种模型下评价结果相异的空区进行现场实测,结合数值方法分析其力学响应特征。结果表明,改进物元可拓模型的评价结果较模糊模型与实际情况更为吻合,准确度更高,将其应用于采空区稳定性评价是合理可行的。     

三峡-丹江口及邻区区域地壳稳定性的模糊数学评价

三峡-丹江口及邻区是南水北调中线补水工程线路的所在区域。以构造稳定性评价为主,辅以地面稳定性评价,选择地质、地震、活动断裂、地壳形变、地质灾害等共16个指标因素,通过专家咨询、打分,并最终综合集成确定了各指标因素的权重大小,运用模糊数学方法对该研究区进行了区域地壳稳定性评价。评价结果表明,该研究区共划分出相对较不稳定区3个、相对较稳定区15个、相对稳定区8个,未出现不稳定区。并对模糊数学方法进行了有意义的探讨,指出因素及其权重的决定对整个评价结果的影响至关重要,同时数据的准备及数据的二次分析提高对整个评价结果的可信度提供了重要保证,对今后的中线补水工程线路的选择提供了一定的指导和进一步论证的基础。