利用含油污泥生产油煤水浆的实验研究

利用降粘技术,将高粘度含油污泥降粘为流动性良好的浆体。实验表明:合适的降粘剂加入量为1.0%。利用降粘后的含油污泥制备出具有良好浆体特性的油煤水浆。当降粘后含油污泥加入量分别为油煤水浆总量的20%和30%时,制备的油煤水浆粘度均小于300mPa.s,浆体粘度随温度升高不断降低,具有良好的剪切变稀特性。制备的油煤水浆不需加入稳定剂,一个月内未发生硬沉淀或分层现象,具有较好的稳定性。     

基于筛选测试的化工反应危害评估探讨

本文主要讨论了基于筛选测试方法的化工反应危害评价。该方法是利用DSC、TS“等差热分析仪对化学品和混合物进行热稳定性的筛选测试,根据起始温度和反应焓变对化合物危害程度分级进行分级,建立反应风险指数,从而在小试和中试阶段就将反应危害降低或消除,确保大规模生产时的安全性,为真正实现化工工艺本质安全。此外,还比较了DSC、TSU、AFFAC、RSST等热分析仪,认为TSU和RSST是目前较为合适的热筛选分析仪,为建立反应危害实验室相关仪器的选型提供了参考。     

某电厂灰渣库整体稳定性探讨

从物理力学参数的选取方面对某电厂灰渣库一期工程1号副坝的整体稳定性进行探讨,从中发现原有研究结果的偏差,并对坝体的整体稳定性作出了比较客观的结论,同时也通过对比总应力强度与有效应力强度指标的不同适用范围,提出了在灰渣坝（尾矿坝）的稳定性分析中应对其区别对待,以免出现不必要的错误,从而有效地指导灰渣库（尾矿库）的安全管理工作。     

小麦籽实中蛋白质-Cd,Pb结合形态及其稳定性

在体外消化酶模拟条件下,对小麦籽实中Ｃｄ,Ｐｂ蛋白质结合体的稳定性进行了研究．结果表明:小麦籽实中存在的表观分子量为５４．５×１０３和５．５×１０３的蛋白质－Ｃｄ,Ｐｂ结合体,在体外胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶消化后,蛋白质结构发生变化．特别是分子量为５４．５×１０３的Ｃｄ,Ｐｂ－蛋白质结合体不稳定,容易被胰蛋白酶分解,变成分子量为５．５×１０３的稳定的Ｃｄ,Ｐｂ－蛋白质结合体或更小的多肽．     

室内空气污染监测用氨标准样品研究

根据中国对室内空气污染监测的实际需要,介绍了室内空气污染监测用氨标准样品的研制方法,包括试剂的验证、均匀性和稳定性检验、分析定值和测定数据的统计检验等方面。氨标准样品采用重量法制备,用纳氏试剂分光光度法对样品进行均匀性和稳定性研究,并进行不确定度评估。研究结果表明,氨标准样品的均匀性良好,室温条件下可稳定18个月以上;在全面分析不确定度来源的基础上,定值结果为0.494 mg/L,不确定度小于3%。与美国同类标准物质进行比对分析,结果具有可比性。可用于氨测定的质量控制、分析方法评价以及实验室能力验证等方面。     

Evaluating the BANCS Streambank Erosion Framework on the Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain

The Bank Assessment of Nonpoint source Consequences of Sediment (BANCS) framework allows river scientists to predict annual sediment yield from eroding streambanks within a hydrophysiographic region. BANCS involves field data collection and the calibration of an empirical model incorporating a bank erodibility hazard index (BEHI) and near‐bank shear stress (NBS) estimate. Here we evaluate the applicability of BANCS to the northern Gulf of Mexico coastal plain, a region that has not been previously studied in this context. Erosion rates averaged over two years expressed the highest variability of any existing BANCS study. As a result, four standard BANCS models did not yield statistically significant correlations to measured erosion rates. Modifications to two widely used NBS estimates improved their correlations (r² = 0.31 and r² = 0.33), but further grouping of the data by BEHI weakened these correlations. The high variability in measured erosion rates is partly due to the regional hydrologic and climatic characteristics of the Gulf coastal plains, which include large, infrequent precipitation events. Other sources of variability include variations in bank vegetation and the complex hydro‐ and morphodynamics of meandering, sand bed channels. We discuss directions for future research in developing a streambank erosion model for this and similar regions.     

Lean methane premixed combustion over a catalytically stabilized zirconia foam burner

This study experimentally investigates lean methane/air premixed combustion in a catalytic zirconia foam burner. The burner is packed with an inert perforated alumina plate at the inlet preheating zone and with catalytic zirconia foams at the combustion zone. Catalytic foams are prepared by using a modified perovskite catalyst (LaMn_0.4Co_0.6O₃), in which the transition metal ion Co is partially substituted by Mn and supported by inert zirconia foam. Results indicate that the flame stability limits of both catalytic and inert burners expand with increasing equivalence ratios. The stable combustion region of the catalytic burner is larger than that of the inert burner. The heterogeneous catalytic combustion effect can decrease and increase the lower and upper flame stability limits, respectively. The central temperatures of the flame fronts are higher in the catalytic burner than in the inert burner. The pressure drops of the catalytic burner are almost equal to those of the inert burner in cold flows but are significantly higher than those in the inert burner in reaction flows. Less amounts of carbon monoxide, nitric oxides, and unburned hydrocarbon emissions are detected in the catalytic burner relative to the inert burner. The thermal radiation efficiencies of the catalytic burner vary between 0.24 and 0.39 and are favorably superior to those of the inert burner, ranging from 0.11 to 0.20.     

He-Ne激光诱变选育高效石油烃降解菌的研究

采用He-Ne激光器对绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)进行激光诱变育种。在激光照射功率10 mW,时间10 min条件下,筛选到一株遗传性状稳定的高效石油烃降解菌PS 2。摇瓶实验发现当培养液中初始柴油含量为0.2%～0.5%(V/V)、温度为30℃左右、pH值为7～8的条件下,突变菌PS 2对石油烃的降解效果最好。在最适生长条件下,突变菌PS 2在120 h内将培养液中的石油烃完全降解且不存在延滞期,比出发菌株少用24 h。结果表明,He-Ne激光诱变育种技术是获得高效石油烃降解菌的有效途径之一。     

CABR处理分散式生活污水抗短期有机负荷潜能

为考察填料式厌氧折流板反应器（CABR）处理分散式生活污水抗短期有机负荷冲击的稳定性,从宏观运行性能、中间产物累积以及微观微生物活性3个层次来研究不同温度下短期有机负荷冲击对CABR运行性能影响。结果表明：宏观运行性能指标TCOD沿程变化曲线在28℃时受到有机负荷冲击仍呈现＂L＂型,容积负荷去除率也由基准条件下0.27kg/（m3.d）提高至0.73 kg/（m3.d）,但随温度的下降,沿程曲线逐渐接近＂／＂型,容积负荷去除率的增加幅度也逐渐变小。中间产物积累指标中VFA/碱度比值小于0.11～0.14时,TCOD去除率可达80%以上;SMP/SCOD比值沿水流方向呈上升趋势表明CABR抗负荷冲击性能较佳。而微观微生物酶活性受基质浓度提高的促进效应和温度下降的抑制效应相互作用表现各异。总体而言,在高温（28℃）条件下,分散式生活污水的有机负荷冲击不会对CABR出水造成显著影响,但在中温（18℃）和低温（10℃）条件下,CABR抗有机负荷冲击的稳定性随温度的下降而下降。     

基于絮体生长特性和体系稳定性的海水混凝过程

以三氯化铁和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)为主要原料,制备PFC-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂,分析其形貌特征,考察对海水的絮凝效果,并监测絮凝过程中絮体聚集变化、动态沉降及不同温度下絮凝程度的变化规律.结果表明,PFC-PDMDAAC的长链枝权状结构使其具有较好的除浊效果;当投加量从1×10-5mol/L增加到2×10-4 mol/L,体系中絮体平均粒径从5.92 μm增大至53.7 μm,粒径变化速率从65.5133 μm/min增加到5 385.66 μm/min;絮凝指数FI受海水温度的影响很大,温度越低,FI曲线上升越缓慢;与未投絮凝剂、投加PFC相比,投加PFC-PDMDAAC的海水体系具有较大的稳定动力学参数.通过定量分析絮体平均粒径、粒径变化速率、絮凝指数FI及稳定动力学参数等,从絮体特性和体系稳定动力学角度为监测混凝过程提供参考.