我国ESG投资基金发展趋势分析与展望

ESG投资作为基于企业社会价值投资的投资策略,已逐渐成为国际投资市场的焦点。国内ESG投资尚处于快速发展阶段,市场规律研究及监管机制建设尚处于探索发展阶段。本文系统分析了我国当前ESG投资实践发展进展及其创新,剖析了ESG投资基金相关政策进展、发展方向,以及ESG投资基金行业发展面临的关键问题,提出了促进投资理念渗透、提升信息披露质量、加快投资方式创新等对策建议,并就探索统一估值体系、深化ESG货币化测量研究等进行了展望。     

污泥焚烧处理成本分析

为进一步降低污泥焚烧处理成本,先对污泥流化床焚烧处理作了简单的工艺分类与对比,并针对"自持焚烧"处理工艺,列出了较为详细的设备资金投入比重、直接运行成本和运行总成本,进而提出了推广该工艺技术降低成本的途径是对污泥进行预处理、提高设备国产化水平和开发应用多样化技术。     

Sex allocation in a monomorphic seabird with a single-egg clutch: test of the environment, mate quality, and female condition hypotheses

Sex allocation theory posits that mothers should preferentially invest in sons when environmental conditions are favorable for breeding, their mates are of high quality, or they are in good body condition. We tested these three hypotheses in rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata), monomorphic seabirds that lay a single-egg clutch, in 2 years that differed in environmental conditions for breeding. Results supported the environment and mate quality hypotheses, but these effects were interactive: offspring sex was independent of paternal traits in the poor year for breeding, while females mated to larger and more ornamented males reared more sons in the better year. Conversely, offspring sex was unrelated to female condition, as indexed by hatching date. We propose that good rearing conditions enable females to rear sons possessing the desirable phenotypic attributes of their mates. Results also supported two critical assumptions of sex allocation theory: (1) dimorphism in offspring condition at independence: daughters fledged with higher baseline levels of corticosterone than sons and (2) differential costs of rearing sons versus daughters: mothers rearing sons when environmental conditions were poor completed parental care in poorer condition than mothers rearing daughters in the same year and mothers rearing either sex when conditions were better. These novel results may help to explain the disparate results of previous studies of avian sex allocation.     

中国的环境政策效应与污染治理效果分析

在简述环境政策和管理制度改革的基础上,对基产生的效应进行了分析,主要包括：经济改革促进了环境保护;环境保护新举措初见成效,但污染治理任务仍然十分艰巨。通过对各省区环境治理投资效果分析,提出未来环境政策和治理应该在以下几个方面加强：（１）重新设计环境影响评价和“三同时”制度,将它们与污染物总量控制战略结合起来（２）改善排污收费制度,由超标收费向排污收费转变;由单一浓度收费向浓度与总量相结合转变;由单     

Water scarcity and rioting: Disaggregated evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

It is often purported that unusually dry weather conditions provoke small-scale social conflict—riots—by intensifying the competition for water. The present paper explores this hypothesis, using data from Sub-Saharan Africa. We rely on monthly data at the cell level (0.5×0.5 degrees), an approach that is tailored to the short-lived and local nature of the phenomenon. Using a drought index to proxy for weather shocks, we find that a one-standard-deviation fall in the index (signaling drier conditions) raises the likelihood of riots in a given cell and month by 8.3%. We further observe that the effect of unusually dry weather conditions is substantially larger in cells with a lower availability of water resources (such as rivers and lakes), a finding that supports the significance of the competition-for-water mechanism.     

Conservation perspectives of small-scale private forest owners in Europe: A systematic review

Private forest owners are the main forest ownership group within Europe, and important conservation values have been found on their land. Yet, small plot sizes, societal heterogeneity, and structural changes impede developing and implementing effective conservation programs in private forests. We present a systematic literature review focusing on small-scale private forest owners and their perspectives on nature conservation by synthesizing research approaches, social-ecological drivers, and policy recommendations. Conservation perspectives were positively related to female gender, higher levels of education, formalized forest management, an active relation to the forest, and ecological values of the property. In contrast, high age, rural orientation, economic forest management factors, large parcel size, and economic and sentimental property values negatively influenced conservation perspectives. Applying a natural resource conflict management framework, we synthesized recommendations covering three dimensions: substance, procedure, relationship. Considering perspectives of small-scale private forest owners in current forestry decision-making has great potential to strengthen sustainable forest management that integrates nature conservation and resource use.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01615-w.     

Evaluation of municipal wastewater treatment plants with different technologies at Las Rozas, Madrid (Spain)

Eight small-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants were evaluated over a period of 19 months in the suburb of Las Rozas in Madrid (Spain). Four plants used compact extended aeration, two used conventional activated sludge, two used conventional extended aeration, one used a rotary biodisc reactor and the other used a peat bed reactor. The best results were obtained from the plants that used conventional technologies and the biodisc. Conventional activated sludge and extended aeration had higher removal efficiencies for ammonia, TSS, COD and BOD(5) and produced good quality final effluents for final disposal in accordance with the discharge standard. Empirical equations that correlated the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the effluents with the efficiencies of TSS, ammonia, COD and BOD(5) removals for all plants evaluated were obtained. The performance of the plants using compact extended aeration was affected more than those using conventional technologies or rotary biodisc when the capacity exceeded that of its initial design.     

小型焚烧设施烟气中二噁英类的排放和控制

对中国典型的小型焚烧设施现状和二噁英类排放进行了初步调查研究,未经处理的小型垃圾焚烧设施烟气中二噁英类毒性当量(TEQ)大于6 ng/m3,小型火化机烟气中二噁英类TEQ大于5 ng/m3.设计并检验了布袋除尘器和活性炭滤布的二噁英类去除效果.仅使用布袋除尘器二噁英类去除率不高,布袋除尘器和活性炭滤布联用可以有效去除飞灰和气相中的二噁英类,去除率达到90%左右,可达到《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB 18485-2001)二噁英类排放标准.     

Helpers and egg investment in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker: testing the concealed helper effects hypothesis

In cooperatively breeding acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus), helper males have a large positive effect on fledging success in good acorn crop years but only a small positive effect in poor acorn crop years, while helper females exhibit the opposite pattern. Based on these findings, we tested the “concealed helper effects” hypothesis, which proposes that laying females reduce investment in eggs (with respect to their size, number, or quality) in a way that confounds helper effects and results in an absence of a relationship between helpers and breeding success. Results generally failed to support the hypothesis. Mean egg size was positively related to temperatures during the 10 days prior to egg-laying and negatively related to the food supply as indexed by the prior fall’s acorn crop, but there were no significant differences vis-à-vis helpers except for interactions with the acorn crop that only partly corresponded to those predicted. With respect to clutch size, females laid larger clutches when assisted by female helpers, opposite the pattern predicted. Although our results suggest that egg size is adjusted to particular ecological circumstances, we conclude that neither egg nor clutch size is adjusted in a way that confounds the apparent effects of helpers, as proposed by the concealed helper effects hypothesis.     

我国经济开发区投资环境评价指标体系的研究

经济开发区投资环境具有与国家或地区投资环境不同的特殊性。本文对我国经济开发区相关因素进行了分析,探讨了能够反映其特性的评价指标体系的制定