福建省环保投资对工业废水污染控制的影响分析

依据福建省2006-2011年环保投资的相关统计数据,对水污染治理投资和工业废水污染控制的关系进行深入分析,结果表明单位GDP水污染治理投资与工业废水排放量之间呈负相关。并指出福建省环境污染治理投资总量不足,单位GDP水污染治理投资比例偏低等问题,并针对这些问题提出应制定水污染治理投资规划,发展生态生产力并实施过程治理投资,使水污染得到真正有效的控制。     

Variations in public and private employees’ perceptions of organizational preparedness for natural disasters

Studies have demonstrated that public and private organizations differ in many respects (e.g. funding mechanisms and risk-taking capabilities). Based on this scholarship, we expect to see differences in their disaster preparedness levels. Hence, we propose the following research question: Are there variations in public and private employees’ perceptions of organizational preparedness for natural disasters? We answer this question by employing the theories of publicness and social identity. We define publicness through the core approach arguing that public and private organizations are uniquely different based on their legal status or ownership and social identity as an individual’s feeling of oneness or belongingness to a particular group or organization. Using data gathered in 2014 from a nationally representative sample of 1634 public and private employees in the United States, we posit that employees of private organizations will report higher preparedness levels in comparison to employees of public organizations. Our proposition is based on scholarship that found a negative relationship between publicness and organizational identification and a positive relationship between organizational identification and organizational performance. Contrary to our proposition, but in line with the disaster literature, the results showed that in general, employees of public organizations reported a higher preparedness level than employees of private organizations.     

有色金属企业环保投资对企业竞争力的影响研究——基于环境规制的调节效应与门槛效应分析

基于2014—2020年我国有色金属上市公司的数据,通过构建基准模型、调节效应模型、门槛效应模型,实证检验了企业环保投资对企业竞争力的影响。结果表明:①环保投资对企业竞争力具有显著的促进作用,引入环境规制变量后,发现其对环保投资与企业竞争力之间的关系产生了正向调节作用。②相比于我国非国有企业和西部地区,环境规制对有色金属企业环保投资与企业竞争力之间的正向调节效应在国有企业和中、东部地区企业中更加明显。③以环境规制为门槛变量进行深入分析,发现环境规制存在双重门槛效应,当环境规制大于或等于2.203这一门槛值时,环保投资对企业竞争力的促进作用才会显著。     

Public Investment and Environrnental Sustainability of Agricultural Production in China

The excessive application of fertilizer and pesticides in grain production in China has posed a threat to the environrnental sustainability of agricultural production. One of the major reasons of the increasing usage of chemical inputs by farmers is their trying to reach higher yields, especially in absence of adequate public inputs, such as development and extension of appropriate technology and necessary production infrastructure, etc. Based on the cropspecific data of the past 20 years, this paper examines how the public investments in agricultural researches could impact on the reduction of farmers' private material inputs of major grain crops in China. It manifests that the increased investments in public sector, especially in agricultural researches, is a favorable and effective way to reduce farmers' private material inputs and should be given a priority consideration in the policy emendation to increase yields and improve production sustainability.     

Integrating Concepts and Models from Development Econoimcs with Land use Change in the Tropics

In this paper I undertake a preliminary assessment for the tropics of the relation of economic development, meaning in general increases in economic activity as measured by e.g. GDP, and its normal biophysical corollaries of increased resource use and land use change. I also examine each in relation to the intellectual concepts that underlie and guide what is commonly called economic development. Because most of the development literature is derived from economics or other social sciences, and focuses almost entirely on lifting people’s standards of living as measured in monetary units, very little examines the per unit biophysical requirements of that development, including energy or other resource use requirements, land use change or other environmental consequences of development plans. In addition there seems to be insufficient connection between those who create economic development plans and those who undertake empirical biophysical assessments to determine whether the development plan has worked or can possibly work. The problem is deeper: there exists a series of models used in the development literature that have been used to encourage and guide development. These models have received very little scrutiny as to either their efficacy or their societal or environmental impacts until quite recently. When this has been done the models have been shown to fail miserably. It is time to develop a new model of development that synthesizes conventional economic, biophysical economic and social aspects, and that is based on the scientific method rather than on perceived wisdom. This model must also take into account population growth, issues of who wins and who looses from economic development, and the implications of the incipient peak in global oil production.     

环境绿化投资综合效益度量方法及其应用研究

随着中国城镇规模的不断扩张,环境绿化的综合效益度量问题越来越受到人们的普遍重视。本文主要从中国城镇郊区环境绿化投资分析入手,重点研究环境绿化中经济效益、环境效益和社会效益的综合度量问题,建立了环境绿化综合效益的度量模型并进行了应用分析,为城镇郊区环境绿化的综合分析提供了一种行之有效的定量方法。     

“十一五”时期环保投入的宏观经济影响

我国环保投入的逐年增加为强化污染治理、改善环境质量提供了重要基础保障,但环保投入如何影响宏观经济的作用机理值得深入研究。在2007年国家42部门投入产出表基础上,编制了环境-经济投入产出表,并构建了环保投入对宏观经济的影响分析模型,将环保运行费和环保投资作为研究对象,测算其对宏观经济各指标各行业的经济影响,并分解到省级层面。结果显示:1"十一五"期间环保投入在一定程度上起到了拉动经济发展、增加居民收入、促进社会就业等经济社会贡献作用,五年期间对国民经济总产出、GDP、居民收入、就业等方面影响分别为102 043亿元、29 457亿元、12 563亿元、1 324万人次,且以间接影响和诱发影响占较大比重,表明环保投入具有较强产业波及效应。2经济影响存在明显行业差异,通用专用设备制造业、农林牧渔业、环境服务业、建筑业等与环保投入直接相关的行业受益较大。但与此同时,也一定程度上拉动了金属冶炼压延加工业、化学工业、非金属矿物制品业等高污染高能耗行业,表明环保治理活动自身带来的资源环境负担在中国现有产业结构情况下仍不可避免。在优化产业结构、提高资源使用效率的同时需要寻求更加清洁的治理技术。3经济影响区域差异明显,受益较大的省份主要集中于广东、山东、江苏、河北、辽宁等东部沿海及中部发展较好地区,而受益较小的省份大多位于西部及边远地区。总体来看,鉴于当前我国环境治理投入仍不能满足日益突出的环境问题,适当加大环保投入不但能够取得环境效应,同时也可带来一定的社会经济效应。     

Conservation on private land: a review of global strategies with a proposed classification system

With parks and protected areas insufficient to sustain global biodiversity, the role of private land in biodiversity conservation is becoming increasingly significant. This paper reviews global voluntary and involuntary strategies for private land conservation. Involuntary strategies can achieve effective conservation outcomes, but often lack social acceptability. In contrast, voluntary strategies enjoy greater social acceptance but may not achieve sufficient uptake to have meaningful conservation objectives. Based on the review, we propose a classification system for private land conservation as a complement to the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN's) classification of global protected areas. The classification system provides a framework for identifying and describing conservation strategies on private land on the dimension of tenure and security. It also identifies opportunities and vulnerabilities in achieving conservation on private land while emphasising the need for systematic data collection similar to IUCN's efforts for protected areas.     

The short and long run effects of tied foreign aid on pollution abatement, pollution and employment: A pilot model

There exists in the literature a presumption that tied foreign aid can be used effectively to reduce cross-border pollution. Focusing, in contrast to the received literature, on the interaction between the public and private provisions of pollution abatement in the recipient country, we question the effectiveness of tied foreign aid in reducing pollution. In this context, we obtain many novel and policy relevant insights. Allowing for changes in labour employment and distinguishing between short and long run effects, tied foreign aid is shown to crowd out the private provision for pollution abatement in the short run. In the long run, tied foreign aid raises employment and therefore may be desirable for the recipient but undesirable for the donor country because it also raises pollution. The results change drastically if only the government provides pollution abatement.     

Research on Mechanism of Diversified Investment and Financing in Building Ecological Cities

Ecological city is the advanced mode of harmonious development of city. Constant improvement is being made in the development of ecological city. However, building ecological city is an enormous project that calls for a huge amount of capital. The government fund is far from adequate. This paper probes into the fund issue and discusses in detail the mechanism of investment and financing in building ecological city from various aspects such as diversification of the investment subjects and the modes of financing.