我国基础设施建设投资规制中的ESG表现调查研究——基于文本分析方法

环境、社会和治理（ESG）能给基础设施建设投资规制带来新理念,但是我国现行政策和项目中的ESG表现情况尚不清楚,有必要开展调查研究。本研究以规制政策和项目报告为研究对象,采用文本分析方法,对我国基础设施建设投资规制中的ESG表现进行调查研究。研究发现：(1)规制政策和项目报告中均已有一定程度的有关ESG表现方面的内容,但三个维度之间存在丰富性和完备性等方面的差异;(2)环境影响规制政策最完备,社会影响规制涉及安全评估、职业健康预评价等议题,其他议题未在文本中提及,项目治理规制政策数量最多,展现了我国自主的投资项目治理体系;(3)项目报告中的环境影响责任目标和措施相对完善,社会影响责任目标和措施则因项目和所处情境而异,项目治理责任目标和措施更多体现合规性要求,缺乏项目管理人自主动机。本研究提供了基础设施建设投资规制中的ESG表现调查情况,为我国以公共投资为主导的基础设施领域引入国际流行投资理念提供了决策依据。     

A legal assessment of private land conservation in South America

Privately protected areas (PPAs) are a potentially innovative conservation tool. Legal recognition is necessary for their success, especially where there are institutional challenges to nature conservation, such as in South America. Although PPAs have increased in South America since the early 2000s, there is a critical information gap pertaining to their legal frameworks. We analyzed the level of landowner commitment to and governmental support for PPAs across countries in South America that officially recognize PPAs. We analyzed the legal framework governing PPAs and reviewed literature on them. This process was done in English and Spanish. The information we gathered was validated by 16 conservation experts from 10 South American countries. Because Peru is 1 of only 2 South American countries where local communities create and manage PPAs, we studied Peruvian PPAs in more detail by examining official creation documents and interviewing 13 local conservation professionals. We found inadequate minimum duration of PPAs and vague guidelines for conducting economic activities within them and a lack of governmental support (e.g., financial and technical support) for PPAs. Support was limited to the exemption from rural property taxes, which are relatively low compared with countries outside South America. In Peru, PPAs run by individuals and communities needed different legal frameworks because they were created with different objectives and had different sizes and duration of commitments. The prompt improvement of legal frameworks across South America is necessary for PPAs to achieve their aim of being places for enduring nature conservation in the region.     

加强个体私营汽车加油站安全管理 消除事故隐患

指出了个体私营汽车加油站普遍存在着的安全事故隐患,同时也对加强个体私营加油站的安全管理,保障个体私营加油站的安全运营提出了若干建议.     

基于成本效益法的矿山“六大系统”效益分析

在介绍矿山安全避险“六大系统”和成本效益法的基础上,结合矿山安全生产的实际情况,提出了矿山安全成本效益法的概念,并运用此概念对矿山安全避险“六大系统”的经济效益进行了分析,以实例说明矿山安全避险“六大系统”的建设可以为矿山企业带来社会效益和经济效益。     

Testing genuine savings as a forward-looking indicator of future well-being over the (very) long-run

Genuine Savings (GS) have been much used in recent years as an indicator of a country's sustainability. According to some theorists (e.g. Arrow et al., 2012), under certain conditions a country with a positive level of GS should experience non-declining future utility, given the assumption of unlimited substitutability among all forms of capital (sometimes called “weak” sustainability). This paper reports the first very long-run tests of GS (also called comprehensive investment or adjusted net savings) as a forward-looking indicator of future well-being. We assemble data for British capital back to 1765, and construct several net investment measures which are used as indicators of two alternative measures of future well-being: consumption per capita and real wages. An allowance for a “value of time” due to exogenous technological progress is included in some GS measures, and we demonstrate the importance of this measure and the choice of discount rate over the very long-run. On the whole, our results do not reject the postulated relationship between GS and future well-being, and show GS can be a forward looking indicator of future well-being for periods of up to 100 years.     

Exploring co-investments in sustainable land management in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, not only farmers but also the public and private sector partners are still hesitant to invest in sustainable land management (SLM). This study focuses on the Central Rift Valley and explores the potential for co-investments in SLM, where public and private sector partners support farmers with material, capital, knowledge, etc. A survey revealed current bottlenecks for co-investments and requirements needed to collaboratively invest in SLM. It covered 165 public sector partners (micro-, meso- and macro-level institutions) and 42 private sector partners (banks, exporters and local traders). Results for the public sector show a gap between macro- and micro-/meso-level actors concerning co-investments in SLM. Macro-level institutions do not acknowledge the bottlenecks identified by micro- and meso-level institutions (e.g. lack of accountability, top-down approaches and lack of good leadership). Similarly, opinions on requirements for co-investments in SLM differ considerably, showing that bridging the institutional micro–macro gap is crucial to co-investments. Most factors are related to the wider governance context and to different perceptions among micro- and macro-level actors as to the critical pre-conditions to co-investment in SLM. Improving governance at all institutional levels, capacity building and enhancing a common understanding on barriers to SLM is required. Results for the private sector reveal that economic bottlenecks limit possibilities to co-invest in SLM, and that enabling policies in the public sphere are required to trigger private investments. Hence, the potential for co-investments in SLM is available in Ethiopia at micro- and meso-level and within the private sector, but profound commitment and fundamental policy changes at the macro-level are required to exploit this potential.     

论中国绿色投资管理

绿色投资是绿色经济发展的必然结果,绿色投资是绿色经济增长的第一推动力。绿色投资是最能体现以人为本和经济社会可持续发展的投资,是最能体现科学发展观的投资。从绿色投资的含义及与绿色经济的关联出发,在脱钩理论的基础上,分析了中国绿色投资的现状和问题,探讨了如何加大中国绿色投资,促进绿色经济发展,实现中国经济社会的可持续发展。     

民间资本促进循环经济发展路径研究

现阶段我国循环经济发展主要依靠政府推动。与此同时,我国民间资本已发展为具有相对集中等特点的庞大资金流,并积极寻找投资路径。循环经济发展需遵从"资金—技术—利润"公式,引导民间资本与循环经济相结合,可以使企业得到发展,民间资本得到利润,由于互惠,使其存在可行性。     

企业碳风险、环保资产投资与就业吸纳——来自A股污染类上市企业的经验证据

减污降碳与稳定就业并重,是新时代中国经济发展面临的艰巨任务。本文以沪深A股429家污染类上市企业为研究对象,实证检验污染类企业碳风险、环保资产投资与就业吸纳的关系。研究发现,污染类企业碳风险对企业就业吸纳行为的影响呈先促进后抑制的倒“U”形关系;污染类企业碳风险水平大多位于倒“U”形曲线拐点的左侧,即大多数污染类企业碳风险对企业就业吸纳行为起促进作用;企业环保资产投资在碳风险促进污染类企业就业吸纳的关系中发挥部分中介效应。异质性检验还表明,碳风险对企业就业吸纳的促进作用,以及碳风险与企业就业吸纳的倒“U”形关系,仅体现在重污染企业,而非存在于非重污染企业中。研究结论为中国建立和完善企业环保资产投资的长效激励约束机制,进而推动污染类企业减污降碳和就业吸纳提供了实证依据。     

Forest Taxation and Rotation Age under Private Amenity Valuation: New Results

This paper studies the impact of harvesting, property, and profit taxes on private rotation age in an ongoing rotations model, where the private landowner is interested not only in the present value of harvest revenue, but also in the private amenity services provided by the forest stand. The main finding of the paper is that conventional wisdom about the rotation effects of forest taxes, distilled from the Faustmann model, predominantly ceases to hold. This is because forest taxes distort the relative profitability of timber and amenity production in a way that is sensitive to the precise nature of amenity valuation. Therefore, the design of forest tax policy necessitates good knowledge of the landowner's objective function concerning the type of amenity services.