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131.
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134.
Kimberly K. Smith 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2009,22(3):241-256
Elizabeth Anderson’s “pluralist–expressivist” value theory, an alternative to the understanding of value and rationality underlying
the “rational actor” model of human behavior, provides rich resources for addressing questions of environmental and animal
ethics. It is particularly well-suited to help us think about the ethics of commodification, as I demonstrate in this critique
of the pet trade. I argue that Anderson’s approach identifies the proper grounds for criticizing the commodification of animals,
and directs our attention to the importance of maintaining social practices and institutions that respect the social meanings of animals. Her theory alone, however, does not adequately address the role of the state in this project. Drawing on social
contract theory to fill this gap, I conclude that the state’s role in regulating the pet trade should be limited to ensuring
the welfare of animals in the stream of commerce, not prohibiting their mass marketing altogether. 相似文献
135.
本文根据灰色关联分析的基本性质,提出一种环境质量综合评价的新方法。该方法用待评价样本各指标值组成参考数列,环境质量分级标准值组成被比较数列,通过计算参考数列与被比较数列的关联度,按最优关联识别原则综合评价环境质量等级。用4个实例与其它方法进行了对比,取得满意的效果。 相似文献
136.
应用分形理论,研究了煤矿顶板运动过程中所表现的分形特征,提出了用顶板下沉速度的分数维值的变化预报顶板来压、冒落的方法,使得预报顶板来压、冒落的指标定量化成为可能,预报更加科学,把预报的理论与方法推进到新阶段。这对保障煤矿生产安全具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
137.
Carlos Wing-Hung Lo 《Environmental management》1995,19(3):331-344
Within the context of political democratization, this article explores environmental protection in Hong Kong since the government
lauched a ten-year program to “save the environment” in 1989. Examining environmental management by law from a social-choice
perspective, it argues that the government has yet to reach an integrative policy orocess. Hence the preconditions for an
integrative set of environmental legislation are absent. Institutionally, without a comprehensive green policy, the current
arrangements lack a vision as an integrative force to promote effective coordination among various sectoral environmental
coordination among various sectoral environmental programs. The dominant approach of policy and law enforcement through consultation
has rendered impossible strict enforcement of environmental rules and regulations as local economic growth enjoys a priority
over environmental protection. At a time of environmental awakening, the people of Hong Kong are not yet prepared awakening,
the people of Hong Kong are not yet prepared to participate in environmental management in a strict legal manner. The overall
observation is that Hong Kong has yet to see more mature political, legal, administrative, and social conditions for managing
its environment within a legal framework. 相似文献
138.
A hierarchical approach to fisheries planning and modeling in the Columbia River Basin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Columbia River Basin is the scene of a massive effort to restore populations of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and steelhead (O. mykiss). Efficient restoration is confounded by a high level of complexity, competing sociopolitical goals and values, and uncertainty
about key system properties. Simulation models and other tools of systems analysis are important to development of a comprehensive,
regionally acceptable strategy. Hierarchy theory provides a useful paradigm for organized complexity within the Columbia Basin
and the basis for a trilevel hierarchical structure for organizing and integrating models. Life-stage models compose the most
basic simulation units at the lowest level in the proposed hierarchical modeling structure. Each life-stage model simulates
a distinct period in the life cycle of anadromous salmonids. Population models at the intermediate level simulate the complete
life cycles of salmon and steelhead populations. At the highest level in the hierarchy, interpopulation models simulate extensive,
long-term processes that affect multiple species and stocks. A hierarchical system of models is preferable to a single model
or to a group of models lacking formal structure. A principal advantage is that models have the correct spatial and temporal
resolution for analyzing questions at different scales. A hierarchical structure also facilitates the flow of information
among models, and aids in understanding the impacts of uncertainty. Constructing a hierarchy of models should involve both
bottom-up and top-down perspectives that maintain logical consistency among models, while allowing unique model structures
appropriate for each level in the hierarchy. 相似文献
139.
地球系统是宇宙系统的全息缩影,地球上的灾害和天体之间具有全息关系,同样有恒定的周期性。本文根据全息理论对灾害进行分析预测,并建议在灾害研究中应用全息理论. 相似文献
140.
分形块体理论及其在三峡高边坡稳定分析中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
把分形几何与块体理论相结合,提出了分形块体理论,建立了分形块体理论赤平解析法,并将其应用于三峡永久船闸高边坡稳定性分析中。结果表明:分形块体理论符合工程实际,是分析裂隙岩体工程稳定性行之有效的可靠方法。 相似文献