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101.
102.
Mineral dust, soil, and sea salt aerosols are among the most abundant primary inorganic aerosols in the atmosphere, and their hygroscopicity affects the hydrological cycle and global climate. We investigated the hygroscopic behaviors of six Na- and K-containing salts commonly found in those primary organic aerosols. Their hygroscopic growths as a function of relative humidity (RH) agree well with thermodynamic model prediction. Temperature dependence of deliquescence RH (DRH) values for five of those salts was also investigated, which are comparable to those in literature within 1%–2% RH, most showing negative dependence on temperature. Hygroscopic growth curves of real-world soil and sea salt samples were also measured. The hygroscopic growths of two more-hydroscopic saline soil samples and of sea salt can be predicted by the thermodynamic model based on the measured water-soluble ionic composition. The substantial amounts of water-soluble ions, including Na+ and K+, in saline soil samples imply that even nascent saline soil samples are quite hygroscopic at high-RH (>80%) conditions. For three less-hygroscopic dust samples, however, measurements showed higher water uptake ability than that predicted by the thermodynamic model. The small amount of water taken up by less-hygroscopic dust samples suggests that dust particles might contain thin layers of water even to very low RH. The results of this study provide a comprehensive characterization of the hygroscopicity of Na- and K-containing salts as related to their roles in the hygroscopic behaviors of saline mineral dusts and sea salt aerosols. 相似文献
103.
Ruijie Li Mengmeng Zhou Shilong He Tingting Pan Jing Liu Jiabao Zhu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):91
104.
105.
Electrochemical studies of pesticides using various electrode systems attain prominence in recent years because of their application in trace determinations. Cyclic voltammetric studies of methyl parathion on a glassy carbon electrode at various pH in 50% aqueous ethanol medium were carried out. Influence of pH led to the selection of pH 1.0 as the best pH for the electroanalysis of methyl parathion. The number of electrons transferred was determined using controlled potential coulometry. On the basis of the results a probable reduction mechanism was proposed. Cyclic voltammetric studies of methyl parathion using polypyrrole deposited and sodium montmorillonite clay modified electrodes in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide were carried out. The clay-modified electrode and the reduction peak around ?0.2?V were selected for stripping analysis owing to their maximum current response. The experimental parameters were optimized using the differential pulse stripping mode. A calibration plot was made. The determination limit and standard deviations were arrived. The applicability of the method was also verified in a sample soil analysis. 相似文献
106.
Wenchao Jiang Ping Tang Shuguang Lu Xiang Zhang Zhaofu Qiu Qian Sui 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(2):6
107.
磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液调控下白菜对钼矿区重金属污染土壤的修复 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用ICP-AES分析土壤及植物体中各种重金属元素的含量,研究了在磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液在其不同浓度梯度下投加,白菜地上部分对钼矿区重金属污染土壤的修复潜力。结果表明:投加磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液的条件下均能显著提高白菜的地上部分富集土壤中重金属元素的能力(Cd除外),但缓冲溶液对白菜积累重金属能力的促进作用也存在重金属元素种类及浓度梯度之间的差异;投加磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液可以提高白菜对土壤中重金属的富集系数(Hg、Mo、Zn最为显著)。 相似文献
108.
通过投加Fe2+、三聚磷酸钠(STPP)、2-羟基-1,4-萘醌(LQ),研究了厌氧水体环境中三者对对硝基酚(PNP)还原转化的作用规律,探究了不同因素对LQ介导Fe2+-STPP还原PNP的影响.结果表明,该实验体系在初始pH值为3~9时对PNP均有一定的还原效果;改变STPP浓度对还原PNP几乎无影响;随着LQ浓度或Fe2+浓度的增加,PNP的还原效果增强.机理研究表明,10min内Fe2+迅速将电子转移给LQ,58.4%的LQ接受电子后生成非醌类副产物,其余部分LQ接受电子变成半醌自由基中间体再将电子转移给PNP.Fe2+提供的电子仅有小部分用于PNP的还原,实验体系总体的电子利用率较低. 相似文献
109.
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) and peroxymonocarbonate (PMC) have been widely used in modified Fenton reactions because of their multiple superior features, such as a wide pH range and environmental friendliness. This broad review is intended to provide the fundamental information, status and progress of SPC and PMC based decontamination technologies according to the peer-reviewed papers in the last two decades. Both SPC and PMC can directly decompose various pollutants. The degradation efficiency will be enhanced and the target contaminants will be expanded after the activation of SPC and PMC. The most commonly used catalysts for SPC activation are iron compounds while cobalt compositions are applied to activate PMC in homogenous and heterogeneous catalytical systems. The generation and participation of hydroxyl, superoxide and/or carbonate radicals are involved in the activated SPC and PMC system. The reductive radicals, such as carbon dioxide and hydroxyethyl radicals, can be generated when formic acid or methanol is added in the Fe(II)/SPC system, which can reduce target contaminants. SPC can also be activated by energy, tetraacetylethylenediamine, ozone and buffered alkaline to generate different reactive radicals for pollutant decomposition. The SPC and activated SPC have been assessed for application in-situ chemical oxidation and sludge dewatering treatment. The challenges and prospects of SPC and PMC based decontamination technologies are also addressed in the last section. 相似文献