Degradation of organic contaminants through the activation of oxygen using zero valent copper coupled with sodium tripolyphosphate under neutral conditions

In this study,sodium tripolyphosphate(STPP) was used to promote the removal of organic pollutants in a zero-valent copper(ZVC)/O_2 system under neutral conditions for the first time.20 mg/L p-nitrophenol(PNP) can be completely decomposed within 120 min in the ZVC/O_2/STPP system.The PNP degradation process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the degradation rate of PNP gradually increased upon the decreasing ZVC particle size.The optimal pH of the reaction system was 5.0.Our mechanism investigation showed that Cu~+generated by ZVC corrosion was the main reducing agent for the activation of 02 to produce ROS.-OH was identified as the only ROS formed during the degradation of PNP and its production pathway was the double-electron activation of O_2(O_2→H_2 O_2→·OH).In this process,STPP did not only promote the release of Cu~+through its complexation,but also promoted the production of OH by reducing the redox potential of Cu~(2+)/Cu~+.In addition,we could initiate and terminate the reaction by controlling the pH.At pH 8.1,ZVC/02/STPP could continuously degrade organic pollutants;at pH 8.1,the reaction was terminated.STPP was recycled to continuously promote the corrosion of ZVC and O_2 activation as long as the pH was 8.1.This study provided a new and efficient way for O_2 activation and organic contaminants removal.     

The effect of salinity on waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation and kinetic analysis

The effect of salinity on sludge alkaline fermentation at low temperature(20°C) was investigated, and a kinetic analysis was performed. Different doses of sodium chloride(Na Cl, 0–25 g/L) were added into the fermentation system. The batch-mode results showed that the soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD) increased with salinity. The hydrolysate(soluble protein, polysaccharide) and the acidification products(short chain fatty acids(SCFAs), NH+4–N, and PO_4~(3-)–P) increased with salinity initially, but slightly declined respectively at higher level salinity(20 g/L or 20–25 g/L). However, the hydrolytic acidification performance increased in the presence of salt compared to that without salt.Furthermore, the results of Haldane inhibition kinetics analysis showed that the salt enhanced the hydrolysis rate of particulate organic matter from sludge particulate and the specific utilization of hydrolysate, and decreased the specific utilization of SCFAs. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis indicated that the importance of polysaccharide on the accumulation of SCFAs was reduced with salt addition, but the importance of protein and NH+4–N on SCFA accumulation was increased.     

高分子凝胶球去除废水中重金属离子的研究

用海藻酸钠（SA）、海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇（SA—PVA）、海藻酸钠-聚氧化乙烯（SA—PEO）凝胶球作为吸附剂吸附溶液中的Pb^2＋。探讨了凝胶球固定化时间、吸附时间、溶液pH值、溶液初始浓度对Pb^2＋去除率的影响,并对吸附动力学方程进行了分析。结果表明：固定化时间对去除率的影响较小;反应速率较快,吸附时间在10min时,三种凝胶球对Pb^2＋的去除率就分剐达到了80％、82％和88％,吸附时间在2h后基本达到吸附平衡,三种凝胶球对Pb^2＋的吸附能力为：SA—PGE〉SA—PVA〉SA;三种凝胶球吸附铅离子的行为均符合一级反应动力学方程;溶液的pH在4～6时有较高的去除率;三种凝胶球对不同金属的吸附能力为Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Cd^2＋;饱和吸附后的三种凝胶球均可以再生利用。     

海藻酸钠-钙-铁凝胶球对Cr_2O_7~(2-)吸附的研究

本实验对海藻酸钠在氯化钙、氯化铁溶液中的成球特性,以及对SA-Ca、SA-Fe、SA-Ca-Fe凝胶球吸附Cr2O72-特性进行了研究。结果表明,SA-Ca凝胶球对Cr2O72-没有吸附能力,SA-Fe和SA-Ca-Fe凝胶球对Cr2O72-去除率均达到97%以上,但SA-Fe凝胶球成球性差,机械强度低,易碎。SA-Ca-Fe凝胶球吸附Cr2O72-符合Langmuir型,其最大吸附量为13.497mg/g。吸附属于单分子层吸附,凝胶球网络中的Fe3+与溶液中Cr2O72-发生化学反应,生成Fe2(Cr2O7)3。     

燃煤烟气脱硫石膏在新疆盐碱土壤改良中的应用研究

以燃煤烟气脱硫石膏作为化学改良剂,在新疆克拉玛依地区进行碱化土壤改良,土壤改良后种植新疆杨（Populus bolleana Lauche）、白榆（Ulmus pumila L.）、沙棘（Hippohgae rhamnoides L）。分析了烟气脱硫石膏对盐碱地土壤理化性质和树木生长状况的影响。结果表明：处理区土壤的pH值和全盐量比对照区有明显降低,处理区的原始碱化度越高,改良后碱化度的下降幅度越大,而且表层土壤中碱化度的下降最为明显,从29.9%下降到1.43%。改良后树木的平均成活率为71%,比对照区树木的成活率高41%,用燃煤烟气脱硫石膏改良新疆克拉玛依地区碱化土壤种植树木具有极大的推广应用价值。     

腐殖酸钠在湿法石灰石烟气脱硫系统中阻垢性能的研究

介绍了腐殖酸钠(HAS)的阻垢机理,研究了HAS在石灰石湿法烟气脱硫系统中的阻垢效应,同时在相同的条件下与己二酸的阻垢效果作了对比实验.结果表明,HAS对pH在5.5～6.5、质量分数为3.5%的石灰石脱硫浆液有很好的缓冲作用;并在此浓度的脱硫浆液中,质量浓度为1.5g/L的HAS的阻垢效果达到最佳.石灰石浆液中挂片上的结垢量对比实验得出,添加最佳浓度己二酸时的结垢量,只比添加最佳浓度HAS时的结垢量平均少1.8×10-4g/cm2.     

两室阳膜电解再生脱硫吸收液的影响因素研究

利用二室阳离子膜电解装置,以亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠溶液模拟钠碱烟气脱硫吸收富液,进行吸收液再生规律的研究。实验考察了流体流速和槽压对膜电解过程的影响,明确了其相关规律,确定了较佳操作参数。研究结果证明:增大槽压和流体流速有利于脱硫富液的电解再生,而且钠离子浓度越低电解再生越容易。同时,实验中注意到电解过程中溶液伴渗对电流效率和钠离子迁移率有较大的影响。     

低浓度硫代硫酸钠容量法测定生化耗氧量的可行性研究

对低浓度硫代硫酸钠溶液用于较小生化耗氧量值的测定作了研究。实验结果表明,本法在保证测定溶解氧含量准确度的同时,使精密度较标准方法有非常显著的提高,同时也使生化耗氧量测定法的检测限降低到0.080mg/L,而方法的精密度还符合标准方法的要求,扩大了标准方法的使用范围。     

Effect of an eco-friendly o/w emulsion stabilized with amphiphilic sodium alginate derivatives on lambda-cyhalothrin adsorption–desorption on natural soil minerals

The effects of amphiphilic O/W emulsions,stabilized by the alkyl polyglycoside(APG)or cholesterol-grafted sodium alginate(CSAD)/APG systems,on lambda-cyhalothrin adsorption/desorption mechanisms on natural soil minerals(i.e.,illite and kaolinite)were investigated.Sorption and desorption of lambda-cyhalothrin onto soil minerals was studied via batch equilibration to give insight into the adsorption equilibrium,kinetics,and thermodynamics of lambda-cyhalothrin adsorption onto minerals.The results indicate the following:(i)The adsorption processes for the APG system and CSAD/APG system include:rapid adsorption,slow adsorption,and adsorption equilibrium.The adsorption kinetics of pesticide on illite and kaolinite are in accordance with the Ho and McKay model,and the adsorption isotherm conforms to the Freundlich model.In addition,the adsorption processes of pesticide for the two systems on minerals were spontaneous and feasible(ΔG~00),endothermic(ΔH~00),and mainly involved chemical bonding(ΔH~060).(ii)The equilibrium adsorption percentages of the pesticide on illite for the APG system and CSAD/APG system were 42.4%and 64.8%,and the corresponding equilibrium adsorption percentages on kaolinite were 40.8%and 61.8%,respectively.Moreover,the pesticide adsorption rate K_(2-CSAD/APG)was faster than K_(2-APG),and its adsorption capacity K_(f-CSAD/APG )was greater than K_(f-APG).Meanwhile,the pesticide desorption K_(fd)in the CSAD/APG system was smaller than that in the APG system.As a result,this eco-friendly O/W emulsion based on amphiphilic sodium alginate derivatives might provide a green pesticide formulation,since it could reduce the amount of lambda-cyhalothrin entering aquatic systems to threaten non-target fish and invertebrate species.     

燃煤烟气脱硫新技术研究

燃煤脱硫采用钠碱吸收与石灰再生在经济上最有优势，但一直停留在理论可行的阶段。对该工艺进行应用性研究，确定了反应条件、脱硫效率、吸收终点和再生效果等。