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321.
The separate collection of waste, and especially of recyclables with specific collection systems, would not be possible without
the involvement of the users. Apart from the physical installations such as collection containers, collection points, etc.,
the motivation of the users is an essential component. Motivation can be reinforced through public relations work. In addition
to the underlying technical considerations, this paper describes the difference between communication in general and public
relations and specifically examines public involvement in recycling. Through the use of examples, we look at the targeted
users and typical media employed. Furthermore, we analyzes the development of public involvement. The examples show that public
relations for recycling strategies relies to a great extent on attitudes, habits, and access to the target group. Thus, standardized
procedures cannot be developed. For these reasons, public relation activities must be planned carefully and professionally
and include an analysis of the target group, choice of media, and verification of success. 相似文献
322.
复合系统的协调与可持续发展 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
本文从“生态—社会—经济”复合系统协调的角度探讨可持续发展问题,提出了复合系统定义下可持续发展的系统观点及系统特征,建立了概念模型,根据协调理论,分析了可持续发展的系统协调原则及内容 相似文献
323.
长江经济带建设的可持续发展研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
90年代以来长江沿江地区经济发展速度明显加快,为实现其快速协调发展,须大力发展外向型经济。中快中上游开发开放促进区域经济合作,借鉴国外大河开发经验进行统一规划和建设。构筑上中下注重协调发展的农业支持系统,挖掘土地生产潜力,建设农业生产基地。 相似文献
324.
Xinhao Wang 《Environmental management》1997,21(4):607-615
/ An effective groundwater protection program requires understanding of water flow and contaminant transport processes in the subsurface. Although many mathematical models have been developed to simulate the processes, few actually are used in groundwater protection programs due to the difficulties in data collection, model selection, and model implementation. This study presents a conceptual design of a GIS-supported model selection system that evaluates available data and mathematical models to facilitate groundwater protection programs. Steady-state groundwater and contaminant transport models applied in isotropic aquifers are placed into four classes to simulate conservative or nonconservative contaminant transports in simple or complex geohydrological conditions. After analyzing specific study objectives, available data, and model requirements, the proposed system selects a class of models that can be used in simulation and recommends any need for additional data collection. This study initiates an effort to integrate GIS, mathematical models, and expert knowledge in one system to promote the application of appropriate groundwater models. The new technology of GIS and digital data-base management makes it possible to develop such a system in practice.KEY WORDS: Groundwater models; Geographic information systems 相似文献
325.
D. L. Osmond R. W. Cannon J. A. Gale D. E. Line C. B. Knott K A. Phillips M. H. Thrner M. A. Foster D. E. Lehning S. W. Coffey J. Spooner 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(2):327-341
ABSTRACT: A significant portion of all pollutants entering surface waters (streams, lakes, estuaries, and wetlands) derives from non-point source (NPS) pollution and, in particular, agricultural activities. The first step in restoring a water resource is to focus on the primary water quality problem in the watershed. The most appropriate NPS control measures, which include best management practices (BMPs) and landscape features, such as wetlands and riparian areas, can then be selected and positioned to minimize or mitigate the identified pollutant(s). A computer-based decision sup. port and educational software system, WATERSHEDSS (WATER, Soil, and Hydro-Environmental Decision Support System), has been developed to aid managers in defining their water quality problems and selecting appropriate NPS control measures. The three primary objectives of WATERSHEDSS are (1) to transfer water quality and land treatment information to watershed managers in order to assist them with appropriate land management/land treatment decisions; (2) to assess NPS pollution in a watershed based on user-supplied information and decisions; and (3) to evaluate, through geographical information systems-assisted modeling, the water quality effects of alternative land treatment scenarios. WATERSHEDSS is available on the World Wide Web (Web) at http://h2osparc.wq.ncsu.edu . 相似文献
326.
煤与瓦斯突出延期发生的原因探讨──“球壳失稳”假说的解释性研究之一 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
蒋承林 《中国安全科学学报》1994,4(4):28-32
依据球壳失稳假说的原理对煤与瓦斯突出延期发生的原因进行了探讨,并且针对延期突出的危害和特点提出了相应的对策。 相似文献
327.
The use of computer-assisted map analysis techniques for prediction of storm runoff from a small urban watershed in the United States is investigated. An automated procedure for calculating input parameters for the US Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method of predicting storm runoff volume and peak timing is presented. Advanced techniques of spatial analysis are used to characterize spatial coincidence, surface configuration and effective hydrologic distance. A limited verification of the automated procedure indicates that the model reasonably characterizes water flow. A sensitivity analysis of basin disaggregation suggests that the SCS method yields increased volume and peak discharge predictions as the watershed is divided into smaller and smaller subunits. As a means to demonstrate the practical application of the automated procedure, a simulation of the effects on surface runoff for a potential residential development is presented. 相似文献
328.
Davar Khalili Lucien Duckstein Martin M. Fogel 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(5):1035-1040
ABSTRACT: Resource utilization as practiced by humans is identified as the main cause of the degradation of rangeland watersheds, a process referred to as desertification. This paper introduces a multi-objective decision making methodology for the selection of a plan which if implemented should limit the desertification process. The evaluation objectives are measured by quantitative and qualitative criteria. The quantitative criteria provide the performance level for production and sediment yield, while the qualitative criteria give such information as public acceptance of a particular alternative or worth of an appropriate wildlife habitat. A system model is applied to describe the dynamics of a range site in response to climatic and human inputs. As such it provides the information required by the quantitative criteria as well as a range condition index that identifies the productivity of a given range site. A multiobjective selection procedure is presented that will lead to the appropriate technique from an available set, in this case ESAP, Environmental Sensitivity Analysis Package. Four individuals with diverse backgrounds in natural resource management participated as decision makers and decided on their preferred alternatives. Finally, ranked alternatives in agreement with all of the decision makers were obtained. 相似文献
329.
Monitoring and dispersion modelling of emissions from the fluidised bed combustion of poultry litter
Henihan AM Kelleher BP Leahy MJ Cummins E Leahy JJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,85(3):239-255
Gaseous emissions from the fluidised bed combustion of chickenlitter were monitored and recorded. Emission data was used tocreate a dispersion model for a proposed site on a poultry farmin Limerick, Ireland. Variables within the combustion unit notonly influenced combustion but also emission levels ofpollutants such as SO2 and NOx. CO emissions decreased withuse of the correct ratio between fluidising and secondary air,the staging of secondary air and the degree of turbulence withwhich the secondary air is introduced. Dispersion modelling ofactual combustion at a proposed poultry unit predicted thatground level concentrations for the set of emissions data wouldbe below the limits and guidelines set by air quality standards.This was true for both and line source. Line sourceconcentration levels were less than those for point source. 相似文献
330.