重庆都市区环境压力与经济发展退耦研究

在简介环境压力与经济发展退耦理论的基础上,以重庆都市区为例,构建环境压力与经济发展耦合的PSR框架,应用退耦分析方法建立环境压力与经济发展退耦的指标体系,并对1996—2007年重庆都市区环境压力与经济发展退耦状态及趋势进行了评价。结果显示:①在相邻年度间各指标退耦比较普遍,相对和绝对退耦发生率达88%,但退耦程度在指标间和时间上有明显差异,各指标退耦指数在-4.990 6~4.887 8之间波动,且2000年以后退耦更明显;②2007年与1996年比较,综合退耦指数达0.845 3,呈明显的相对退耦状态,而且在1996—2007年间综合退耦持续发生;③评价结论符合重庆都市区环境状况与经济发展的客观实际,将退耦分析作为环境压力评价的方法论具有重要的实践意义。     

Preparation of porous adsorbent via Pickering emulsion template for water treatment: A review

Porous materials as emerging potential adsorbents have received much more attention because they are capable of capturing various pollutants with fast adsorption rate, high adsorption capacity, good selectivity and excellent reusability. In order to prepare porous materials with decent porous structure, Pickering emulsion template method has been proved to be one of the most effective technologies to create pore structure. This paper reviewed comprehensively the latest research progress on the preparation of porous materials from various Pickering emulsions and their applications in the decontamination of pollutants (e.g., heavy metal ions, organic pollutants) and in the oil/water separation. It was expected that the summaries and discussions in this review will provide insights into the design and fabrication of new efficient porous adsorbents, and also give us a better understanding of the subject.     

交通规划环境影响评价的指标体系探讨

基于可持续发展的要求与环境管理的发展趋势，分析了制订交通规划环境影响评价的指标体系的原理，探讨了建立交通规划环境影响评价指标体系的基本框架和技术方法；以中国大中型城市为背景，建立了交通规划环境影响评价的DP-SIR可选指标集。     

Transformation of mercury speciation through the SCR system in power plants

Coal-fired utility boilers are now identified as the largest source of mercury in the United States. There is speculation that the installation of selective catalytic reduction （SCR） system for reduction of NOx can also prompt the oxidation and removal of mercury. In this paper, tests at six full-scale power plants with similar type of the SCR systems are conducted to investigate the effect of the SCR on the transformation of mercury speciation. The results show that the SCR system can achieve more than 70%-80% oxidation of elemental mercury and enhance the mercury removal ability in these units. The oxidation of elemental mercury in the SCR system strongly depends on the coal properties and the operation conditions of the SCR systems. The content of chloride in the coal is the key factor for the oxidization process and the maximum oxidation of elemental mercury is found when chloride content changes from 400 to 600 ppm. The sulfur content is no significant impact on oxidation of elemental mercury.     

中国陆地地表水生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评价

根据水生态系统提供服务特点,可将水的生态系统服务功能划分为具有直接使用价值的产品和具有间接使用价值的支持系统功能两大类。在评价中,将我国陆地水生态系统分为河流、水库、湖泊、沼泽4个类型,结合基础数据的可获得性,建立了由生活及工农业供水、水力发电、内陆航运、水产品生产、休闲娱乐5个直接使用价值指标和调蓄洪水、河流输沙、蓄积水分、保持土壤、净化水质、固定碳、维持生物多样性7个间接使用价值指标构成的评价指标体系。以2000年为评价基准年份,对全国陆地水生态系统生态经济价值进行了评价,结果表明,陆地地表水生态系统2000年的直接使用价值为4263.91×10⁸元,间接使用价值为5546.92×10⁸元,总价值为9810.83×10⁸元,相当于2000年我国国内生产总值的10.97%。     

Characterization of bacterial community and iron corrosion in drinking water distribution systems with O3-biological activated carbon treatment

Bacterial community structure and iron corrosion were investigated for simulated drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs) composed of annular reactors incorporating three different treatments: ozone, biologically activated carbon and chlorination(O_3-BAC-Cl_2);ozone and chlorination(O3-Cl_2); or chlorination alone(Cl_2). The lowest corrosion rate and iron release, along with more Fe_3O_4 formation, occurred in DWDSs with O_3-BAC-Cl_2 compared to those without a BAC filter. It was verified that O_3-BAC influenced the bacterial community greatly to promote the relative advantage of nitrate-reducing bacteria(NRB)in DWDSs. Moreover, the advantaged NRB induced active Fe(III) reduction coupled to Fe(II) oxidation, enhancing Fe_3O_4 formation and inhibiting corrosion. In addition, O_3-BAC pretreatment could reduce high-molecular-weight fractions of dissolved organic carbon effectively to promote iron particle aggregation and inhibit further iron release. Our findings indicated that the O_3-BAC treatment, besides removing organic pollutants in water, was also a good approach for controlling cast iron corrosion and iron release in DWDSs.     

中国农田固碳减排发展现状及其战略对策

自20世纪80年代以来,农田固碳减排的动态变化日益成为全球的研究热点,它对于正确评价农业产业对全球气候变化的影响具有重要的理论意义。采取农业分区的方法,将我国划分为4个不同的农业区,并从区域植被覆盖、地理气候、品种、土壤性质、种植制度和施肥情况等方面,综合分析了各区域农田固碳减排的基本现状。通过对我国农田固碳减排的各个影响因素进行系统阐述,探明了耕作措施、水田种植面积、秸秆还田、施肥情况、轮作制度、土地利用方式和农田生态系统等是影响我国农田固碳减排的主要关键因素。同时,针对目前我国农田固碳减排的基本状况,提出了适合我国农田固碳减排的主要对策。文章认为,应从加强农田碳循环和土壤碳汇效应、合理调整农田土地利用结构、加强农田管理技术体系创新、加强农田生物固碳减排技术研究和注重降低农业生产温室气体的排放等方面开展系统研究,从而进一步增强农田的土壤固碳能力和减少温室气体的排放,达到我国农田固碳减排的最终目的。     

环境监测实验室信息管理系统的构建与实施

阐述了环境监测实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的构建目标,介绍了系统的业务流程、总体设计及实施条件.提出建立环境监测LIMS系统,可提高分析数据的准确性和质量管理水平,全面提升实验室信息运转效率和管理水平,更好地为环境管理服务.     

Detection of intermediates in the TiO2-assisted photodegradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation

The photocatalytic degradation of dye Rhodamine B （RhB） in the presence of TiO2 nanostdpe or P25 under visible light irradiation was investigated. The degradation intermediates were identified using Infrared spectra （IR spectra）, ^1H nuclear magnetic resonance （^1HNMR） spectra, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. The IR and the ^1HNMR results showed that the large conjugated chromophore structure of RhB was efficiently destroyed under visible light irradiation in both the photocatalytic systems （TiO2 nanostfipe or P25 and Rhodamine B systems）. GC-MS results showed that the main identified intermediates were ethanediotic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and benzoic acid, which were almost the same in the TiO2 nanostdpes and P25 systems. This work provides a good insight into the reaction pathway（s） for the TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants under visible light irradiation.     

Fate of pharmaceuticals--photodegradation by simulated solar UV-light

The fate of pharmaceuticals in surface waters under solar irradiation was investigated. Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals caused by sun irradiation may be of major significance in the natural elimination process. Based on a data compilation from the literature, the lipid lowering agent metabolite clofibric acid, the iodinated X-ray contrast media iomeprol, which contribute to the adsorbable organic halogen compounds, and the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine were selected. The irradiation experiments were carried out in batch experiments with simulated UV–sunlight. The photodegradation of the pharmaceuticals showed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. The objective of this investigation was to demonstrate that the extent of photoinduced degradation of pharmaceuticals can vary significantly for the different pharmaceuticals and it strongly depends on the water constituents present in solution. The influences of different initial pharmaceutical concentrations, the presence of other pharmaceuticals like carbamazepine or clofibric acid and the presence of natural organic matter on the photochemical degradation rate of pharmaceuticals in aqueous solutions were investigated. Analyses of the pharmaceuticals and their photodegradation products were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array and fluorescence detection.