恶臭全过程控制对策探讨

恶臭是生态环境投诉的热点之一,目前大多数的恶臭控制措施着眼于末端治理,但效果不尽如人意.基于降低恶臭投诉率的目的 ,以最大程度上减少恶臭源对周边环境敏感点影响程度为目标,在梳理和分析恶臭污染源特性、恶臭感官评价方法、恶臭污染源对周边环境造成影响的相关因素的基础上,从减少恶臭源发生、控制恶臭散发、有效末端治理及应急管理等...     

Immobilization of lead in anthropogenic contaminated soils using phosphates with/without oxalic acid

Understanding the effects of oxalic acid(OA) on the immobilization of Pb(Ⅱ) in contaminated soils by phosphate materials, has considerable benefits for risk assessment and remediation strategies for the soil. A series of phosphate amendments with/without oxalic acid were applied to two anthropogenic contaminated soils. We investigated the immobilization of Pb(Ⅱ) by KH2PO4, phosphate rock(PR), activated phosphate rock(APR) and synthetic hydroxyapatite(HAP) at different phosphate:Pb(P:Pb) molar ratios(0, 0.6, 2.0 and 4.0) in the presence/absence of 50 mmol oxalic acid/kg soil, respectively. The effects of treatments were evaluated using single extraction with deionized water or Ca Cl2, Community Bureau of Reference(BCR) sequential extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)methods. Our results showed that the concentration of water extractable, exchangeable and TCLP-Pb all decreased with incubation time. The concentration of water-extractable Pb after120 days was reduced by 100% when soils were amended with APR, HAP and HAP + OA, and the TCLP-Pb was 5 mg/L for the red soil at P:Pb molar ratio 4.0. Water-soluble Pb could not be detected and the TCLP-Pb was 5 mg/L at all treatments applied to the yellow-brown soil. BCR results indicated that APR was most effective, although a slight enhancement of water-soluble phosphate was detected at the P:Pb molar ratio 4.0 at the beginning of incubation. Oxalic acid activated phosphates, and so mixing insoluble phosphates with oxalic acid may be a useful strategy to improve their effectiveness in reducing Pb bioavailability.     

Removal of 2-ClBP from soil–water system using activated carbon supported nanoscale zerovalent iron

We explored the feasibility and removal mechanism of removing 2-chlorobiphenyl(2-Cl BP)from soil–water system using granular activated carbon(GAC) impregnated with nanoscale zerovalent iron(reactive activated carbon or RAC).The RAC samples were successfully synthesized by the liquid precipitation method.The mesoporous GAC based RAC with low iron content(1.32%) exhibited higher 2-Cl BP removal efficiency(54.6%) in the water phase.The result of Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model implied that the different molecular structures between 2-Cl BP and trichloroethylene(TCE) resulted in more difference in dechlorination reaction rates on RAC than adsorption capacities.Compared to removing2-Cl BP in the water phase,RAC removed the 2-Cl BP more slowly in the soil phase due to the significant external mass transfer resistance.However,in the soil phase,a better removal capacity of RAC was observed than its base GAC because the chemical dechlorination played a more important role in total removal process for 2-Cl BP.This important result verified the effectiveness of RAC for removing 2-Cl BP in the soil phase.Although reducing the total RAC removal rate of 2-Cl BP,soil organic matter(SOM),especially the soft carbon,also served as an electron transfer medium to promote the dechlorination of 2-Cl BP in the long term.     

基于SWAT模型的阿什河流域非点源污染控制措施

以阿什河流域为研究区,建立了SWAT模型,并通过情景模拟技术分别模拟了退耕还林.等高种植、化肥减量与植被过滤带等非点源污染控制措施及其综合效果.结果表明:通过坡耕地退耕还林,可减少1.03%~5.35%的非点源TN负荷与0.94%~8.09%的非点源TP负荷;通过等高耕作,可减少0.51%~2.77%的非点源TN负荷与0.49%~4.54%的非点源TP负荷;通过20%的化肥减量可减少0.65%~6.52%的非点源TN负荷与0.01%~2.95%的非点源TP负荷;20m的植被过滤带可减少42.62%~69.51%的非点源TN负荷与80.09%~86.27%的非点源TP负荷.通过综合管理措施,可减少34.90%~54.36%的TN负荷与35.32%~60.89%的TP负荷.为达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中Ⅳ类水体TN与TP的浓度标准,2006~2010年尚需削减45.87%~82.53%的点源TN负荷与35.58%~66.85%的点源TP负荷.     

酒石酸淋洗过程中土壤重金属解吸动力学特征

采用批处理淋洗的方法,研究了酒石酸淋洗修复张士污灌区土壤过程中镉、铅、铜、锌4种重金属离子解吸动力学特征。结果表明,酒石酸在12h条件下,达到对污染土壤中镉离子的最大去除率,铅、铜、锌3种重金属离子达到最大去除率则需要24h。4种重金属离子的解吸动力学过程可以用Elovich方程很好的描述,说明酒石酸去除重金属离子的过程是一种非均相扩散过程。此外,解吸速率曲线显示,反应初期相同时刻上酒石酸对铅离子的解吸速率最快,其次是铜和锌,最后是镉离子;反应后期同一时刻上铜和锌的解吸速率大于铅和镉。     

松嫩平原部分县域重点工业企业发展与污染防治同步策略探讨

县域工业污染防治是工业化、城镇化进程中一个不可忽视的问题。应注重排放COD、烟尘等主要污染物浓度高且量较大的重点行业和企业,根据这些企业的运行规律和当地的气候特点,深入开展污染防治。以松嫩平原北部,有代表性的工业城市所辖县为重点,进行了探讨。     

临江灌区工程环境影响评价中盐分平衡的分析与计算

灌区盐分平衡状态的分析与计算是灌区工程环境影响评价工作中的重要内容之一。通过以临江灌区工程为例,详细分析和计算了该灌区建成前后的盐分平衡状况,为灌区生态与环境保护提供了科学依据。盐分平衡动态过程的分析应建立在灌区水量平衡的基础上,应获取灌区土壤、地表水、地下水、灌区水源水以及灌区排水中的盐分浓度,同时还应获取灌区建成前后化肥使用量变化、地表生物量的累积变化以及生物质中的盐分含量等相关参数。文中所提供的灌区盐分平衡分析与计算方法对丰富农林水利类工程的环境影响评价理论具有参考意义。     

KTV、慢摇吧等娱乐场所噪声治理方法研究

近年来,随着KTV,慢摇吧等娱乐场所的增加,娱乐场所带来的噪声扰民问题也日益突出。由于业主、施工单位等缺乏隔声降噪的专业知识,使得这一问题没有很好解决。本文通过对这类噪声的特性分析,根据其具有低频为主、穿透力强、不易衰减等特点,结合工程实例,从提高顶棚、侧墙的隔声量,结构上多采用弹性连接及增加阻尼等角度提出几点治理方法。以隔声、隔振为主,控制这类噪声通过空气传声与固体传声等途径向周围居民区传播。     

生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液的控制和管理

生活垃圾的卫生填埋处理是目前我国生活垃圾处理的主要方法,而垃圾填埋产生的渗滤液是污染环境的重要隐患。对垃圾渗滤液的主要来源及水量的影响因素、主要特点进行了综述,并就如何控制处理和管理好垃圾渗滤液提出了对策措施。     

盐度对厌氧氨氧化工艺处理含海水污水脱氮特性的影响

采用ASBR厌氧氨氧化反应器,通过逐步提高所含海水比例,研究了厌氧氨氧化工艺处理含海水污水的脱氮特性.结果表明:经过一定时间的驯化后,厌氧氨氧化菌可以在各个海水比例下保持活性并维持较高的脱氮性能.当海水比例不高于40%时,反应器的稳定性和脱氮效能几乎不受盐度提升的影响,同时厌氧氨氧化菌的活性还会得到增强,比厌氧氨氧化活性(SAA)最高时的海水比例为30%,是10%海水比例时的121.3%;当海水比例高于40%时,反应器的脱氮效能开始下降,但经过一段时间的驯化后会得到恢复,在此期间反应器对海水盐度的响应可分为敏感期、过渡稳定期和恢复期3个阶段.在100%海水比例下,反应器的NRR可达0.341kgN/(m³·d),为10%海水比例时的73.7%,且其还有进一步提升的趋势.