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751.
For biofilters treating waste gases containing volatile organic compounds(VOCs), biomass accumulation is a common problem which will induce bed clogging and significant decrease in VOCs removal efficiency during long-term operation. In this study, ozone injection was developed as a biomass control strategy, and its effects on the biofilter performance and the microbial community structure were investigated in long-term operation. Two biofilters,identified as BF1 and BF2, were operated continuously for 160 days treating gaseous toluene under the same conditions, except that 200 mg/m3 ozone was continuously injected into BF1 during days 45–160. During the operation period, ozone injection did not change the toluene removal efficiency, while the pressure drop of BF1 with ozone injection was significantly lowered compared with BF2. The wet biomass accumulation rate of BF1 was 11 g/m~3/hr, which was only46% of that in BF2. According to the carbon balance result, ozone injection also increased the toluene mineralization rate from 83% to 91%, which could be an important reason for the low biomass accumulation. The PMA-q PCR result indicated that ozone injection increased the microbial viability of the biofilm. The high-throughput sequencing result also revealed that the dominant phyla and genera were not changed significantly by ozone injection, but some ozonetolerant genera such as Rhodanobacter, Dokdonella and Rhodococcus were enhanced by ozone exposure. All the results verified that ozone injection is capable of sustaining the long-term performance of biofilters by lowering the biomass accumulation, increasing the microbial viability and changing the microbial community structure. 相似文献
752.
V. A. Romanenkov J. U. Smith P. Smith O. D. Sirotenko D. I. Rukhovitch I. A. Romanenko 《Regional Environmental Change》2007,7(2):93-104
The Model of Humus Balance was used to estimate the influence of climate effects and changing agricultural practices on carbon
(C) levels in soddy–podzolic soils in the Russian Federation for the years 2000–2050. The model was linked with a spatial
database containing soil, climate and farming management layers for identification of spatial change of C sequestration potential.
Analysis of relationships between C, soil texture and climate indicated that compared with a business-as-usual scenario, adaptation
measures could increase the number of polygons storing soil organic carbon (SOC) by 2010–2020. The rate of possible C loss
is sensitive to the different climate scenarios, with a maximum potential for SOC accumulation expected in 2030–2040, thereafter
decreasing to 2050. The effect is most pronounced for the arid part of the study area under the emission scenario with the
highest rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, supporting findings from the dynamic SOC model, RothC. C sequestration during the study period was permanent
for clay and clay loam soils with a C content of more than 2%, suggesting that C sequestration should be focused on highly
fertile, fine-textured soils. We also show that spatial heterogeneity of soil texture can be a source of uncertainty for estimates
of SOC dynamics at the regional scale.
Figures in color are available at 相似文献
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针对磨细粉煤灰由储料仓向罐式汽车内装料的作业特点,研制了自动化装车除尘系统,解决了装车过程中的粉尘污染问题,并实现了装车过程的自动化。 相似文献
756.
Jukka Lehto Jussi Paatero Reijo Pehrman Seija Kulmala Juhani Suksi Teija Koivula Timo Jaakkola 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(10):1656
Lichen–soil column samples were taken from several locations in the Southern Finland between 1986 and 2006. Columns were divided into three parts, upper lichen, lower lichen and underlying soil, and their gamma emitting radionuclides, 134Cs, 137Cs, 103Ru, 95Zr, 106Ru, 110mAg, 125Sb and 144Ce, were measured with gamma spectrometry. Deposition values were calculated as Bq/m2 for each sampling site. Distribution of various radionuclides in the three compartments as a function of time was determined. Both effective and ecological half-lives of all radionuclides were calculated for upper lichen, whole lichen and whole lichen–soil column. A linear relation was derived between the physical half-lives and effective half-lives for whole lichen and for whole lichen–soil column. Reindeer meat activity concentrations of various radionuclides and ensuing radiation doses to reindeer-herding people were also estimated for a hypothetical case where a similar high radioactive pollution, as was taken place in the Southern Finland, would have occurred in the reindeer-herding areas in the Finnish Lapland. 相似文献
757.
通过试验研究,探索了焦化废水生物脱氮半生产性启动条件,指出了顺利启动的关键技术是适宜的接种污泥及必须提供的环境条件。 相似文献
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759.
Waldon R. Kerns Randall A. Kramer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1985,21(2):207-215
The success of government programs to control nonpoint source pollution depends upon attitudes toward those programs and the availability of technical and financial assistance. Applicants for the Rural Clean Water Program cost-share funding in Virginia possess different personal and operational characteristics than do nonapplicants. Factors associated with participation in the Rural Clean Water Program differed from those associated with the more traditional soil conservation programs. Discriminant analysis was used to differentiate between other farmers who may become applicants and nonapplicants. Farmers' attitudes toward various policy options for inducing implementation of nonpoint source management practices varied greatly. Farmers were most favorable to cost sharing, low-interest loans and tax credits, and least favorable to a soil loss tax. They were either very favorably or very unfavorably inclined toward cross-compliance between pollution control and other agricultural programs. 相似文献
760.