某企业工业X射线探伤机环境影响评价

以某企业的工业X射线探伤机为例讨论了固定式探伤的环境影响评价过程,分析了探伤机项目对周围环境的影响,评价结果表明,该企业探伤室的屏蔽防护符合有关标准要求,对放射性职业工作人员和周围公众人员的年有效剂量分别低于相应的剂量约束值。     

甲苯池火灾热辐射数值模拟

文中用CFD技术对甲苯池火灾进行数值模拟,首先对甲苯火焰进行数值计算,得到在稳定的横向风条件下,甲苯燃烧的峰温、产物组分、瞬时速度等火焰特征参数以及其空间分布情况：火焰温度的最高点在对称面y=0上,最高温度为1778K,火焰倾斜角度为26°（与竖直方向夹角）,火焰高为22.5m。然后应用CFD软件F luent对池火灾进行热辐射模拟,模拟结果表明：对于锰钢材料、内径为20m甲苯储罐,稳态有风池火灾情况下,相邻两储罐之间安全距离在上风向为59m,下风向为72m。由于描述燃烧过程和湍流情况的数学物理模型还不太完善、对大气状况的简化等原因,结果偏保守,文中对此进行了分析讨论。此项研究为CFD技术研究碳氢化合物火灾的一个尝试。     

西安冬季大气棕碳光学特征及辐射强迫

为探讨西安冬季不同大气污染状况（污染天和清洁天）大气细粒子（PM_2.5）及其一次棕碳（BrC_pri）和二次棕碳（BrC_sec）的光学特征及辐射效应,开展了高分辨率多波段光学参数观测,获得PM_2.5多波段光学吸收系数（b_abs）,通过进一步数据分析得到BrC_pri和BrC_sec的光谱依赖指数（AAE）及其相对黑碳（BC）的辐射强迫.结果显示,污染天时段370nm光学吸收（b_abs（370））和880nm光学吸收（b_abs（880））均值分别为（733±311） Mm^-1和（185±80） Mm^-1,分别高出清洁天约5.9倍和6.2倍.清洁天PM_2.5的AAE1.08~2.09,变化幅度大于污染天（1.28~1.79）.清洁天棕碳光学吸收（b_abs（BrC））在370nm波长对总吸收占比高于污染天,均超过30%.一次棕碳光学吸收（b_abs（BrC_pri））在清洁天和污染天均对b_abs（BrC）呈现高贡献,占比范围分别为76%~86%和82%~91%,说明一次排放仍然是造成西安冬季污染的重要原因.清洁天BrC、BrC_pri和BrC_sec的AAE均值分别为4.42、4.31和4.78,均高于污染天,说明清洁天粒子等效直径相对较小,老化程度较高导致BrC的高光谱依赖性.b_abs（BrC_sec）日间变化表明污染天凌晨高湿条件下的液相反应可能是BrC_sec形成的主要机制,比清洁天更为强烈,而污染天日间BrC_sec受光漂白的影响较大.最后估算了BrC_pri和BrC_sec的辐射强迫效应,在紫外波段（300~400nm）,污染天BrC_pri和BrC_sec相对BC的辐射强迫分别为62%和16%,而清洁天分别为59%和23%,表明BrC_pri和BrC_sec在西安冬季的辐射强迫效应不容忽视.     

舱门振动对舱室噪声特性影响研究

目的研究舱门结构振动特性对舱室声场特性的影响与控制方法。方法基于声固耦合分析方法,对典型舱门结构的振动声辐射特性进行仿真分析,研究材料、板厚以及阻尼层对舱门结构声辐射特性的影响规律。建立舱室声学分析模型,分析舱门结构振动对舱室声学环境的影响。结果计算了典型舱门结构的固有频率和声辐射特性,舱门结构在固有频率处容易辐射出较大的噪声能量。通过分析舱室典型位置声压频率响应可知,声压峰值频率以舱室模态频率为主,且响应最大值出现在舱门结构频率和舱室模态频率重合处。仿真分析结果显示,采用在舱门表面增加约束阻尼层的降噪方法,可以有效降低舱室噪声。结论舱门结构振动模态频率与舱室声学模态频率的重合产生较大的共鸣噪声。在舱门上增加约束阻尼层是一种简易且有效的舱室噪声控制措施。     

Radiation induced decomposition of a refractory cefathiamidine intermediate

Diisopropylthiourea（DPT）, an intermediate of a widely used cephalosporin, has been found to be one of the most refractory components in cephalosporin synthesis wastewater.This compound cannot be completely removed by conventional biological processes due to its antimicrobial property. Ionizing radiation has been applied in the decomposition of refractory pollutants in recent years and has proved effective. Therefore, the decomposition of DPT by γ-irradiation was studied. The compound was irradiated at the dose of 150–2000 Gy before a change of concentration and UV absorption of the solutions was detected.Furthermore, the decomposition kinetics and radiation yield（G-value） of DPT was investigated. The results of radiation experiments on DPT-containing aqueous showed that the DPT can be effectively degraded by γ-radiation. DPT concentration decreased with increasing absorbed doses. G-values of radiolytic decomposition for DPT（20 mg/L） were 1.04 and 0.47 for absorbed doses of 150 and 2000 Gy, respectively. The initial concentration and p H of the solutions affected the degradation. As the concentration of substrate increased,the decomposition was reduced. The decrease of removal rate and radiation efficacy under alkaline condition suggested that lower p H values benefit the γ-induced degradation. UV absorption from 190 to 250 nm decreased after radiation while that from 250 to 300 nm increased, indicating the formation of by-products.     

浅析Wi-Fi技术中无线路由器的电磁辐射影响

介绍Wi-Fi技术中无线路由器的特点和原理,并对不同类型的无线路由器进行功率密度测量,同时与手机进行类比,分析其产生的电磁辐射影响.     

冠层辐射温度对冬小麦生态系统碳通量的影响

用箱式法在太原盆地对冬小麦的碳通量进行了两年的测定,对比分析了气温(T_a)、土壤温度(T_s)和冠层辐射温度(T_c)的日、季节变化与冬小麦碳通量日、季节变化的关系.结果表明,在日、季节尺度上T_c与T_a具有较好的一致性,相关系数在0.90以上;日尺度上,净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)、总初级生产力(GPP)、生态系统呼吸(Reco)与T_s的相关系数在绝大部分测定日都小于与T_a和T_c的相关系数,但它们与T_a和T_c的相关系数差异不大;季节尺度上,冬小麦的GPP、NEE和Reco与3个温度(T_a、T_s和T_c)都呈显著的二次抛物线关系.生态系统光合作用的最适温度T_c略低于T_a的,差异约1℃左右.Reco与T_a的关系均好于与T_s的关系,与T_c、T_a关系的决定系数差异不大(0.95~0.96).研究结果可以为基于遥感方式观测的冠层辐射温度在估算碳通量中的应用提供依据.     

棉花阴燃和明火燃烧特性的对比研究

利用锥形量热仪,选取不同辐射强度,分别在使用和不使用点火器条件下,对棉花进行了热辐射引燃实验,发现在热辐射强度大于6kW/m2的情况下,使用点火器时棉花发生明火燃烧,不使用点火器时棉花发生阴燃燃烧。实验分别测得了在两种燃烧形式下的引燃时间、热释放速率、质量损失速率一氧化碳生成率,结果表明:无论是发生阴燃还是明火燃烧,引燃时间均随着辐射强度的增加而减小,且引燃时间平方根的倒数与辐射强度成线性关系;热释放速率、质量损失速率的峰值和平均值均随辐射强度的增加而增加,但在同一辐射强度下,明火燃烧的峰值和均值均比阴燃燃烧时的大;明火燃烧的一氧化碳平均生成率随着辐射强度的增加而减小,阴燃燃烧的一氧化碳平均生成率随着辐射强度的增加而增加。     

A Novel Solar Thermal Cycle with Chemical Looping Combustion

In this paper, we have proposed a thermal cycle with the integration of chemical-looping combustion and solar thermal energy with the temperature of about 500-600°C. Chemical-looping combustion may be carried out in two successive reactions between a reduction of hydrocarbon fuel with metal oxides and a reduced metal with oxygen in the air. This loop of chemical reactions is substituted for conventional combustion of fuel. Methane as a fuel and nickel oxides as an oxygen carrier were employed in this cycle. Collected high-temperature solar thermal energy is provided for the endothermic reduction reaction. The feature of the proposed cycle is investigated through Energy-Utilization Diagram methodology. As a result, at the turbine inlet temperature of 1200°C, the exergy efficiency of the proposed cycle would be expected to be about 4 percentage points higher than that of a conventional gas turbine combined cycle. Compared to the previous study of chemical-looping combustion energy systems, the proposed cycle with the integration of green energy and traditional hydrocarbon fuels will offer the possibility of both greenhouse gas mitigation, with green energy, and a new approach to the efficient use of solar energy.     

Application of Solar Photocatalytic Treatment to Industrial Wastewater from a Chrome Plating Unit

The present study is targeted on the feasibility of photocatalytic treatment of industrial wastewater containing metal ions. Photoreductive deposition of metal ions using solar energy irradiated TiO₂, has been investigated in presence of citric acid as a hole scavenger. Treatment studies have also been performed at pH values 2, 4, 7, 8, and 10 to determine optimum reaction conditions. Results showed that at the pH value of 2, 100% reduction was achieved for Cr(VI) in a minimum time period. A maximum removal of 95.5% was achieved for Ni(II) at the pH value of 10.