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11.
从"源"与"汇"理论入手,分析大气中四种主要温室气体CO2、CH4、N2O和CFCs的"源"与"汇",并提出相应防治对策。 相似文献
12.
在2010~2012年进行的上海某水源地水质监测资料的基础上,应用纳氏试剂分光光度法等分析方法研究该水源地2011年1~10月总氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮等不同形态的氮素在水体中的空间分布规律及时间变化规律。并就其氮的来源、迁移转化机理和对氮的迁移转化有较大影响的因素进行研究和分析,得出该水库水体中各种形态氮以硝酸盐氮为主,平均占总氮的71.6%,氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮各占总氮的4.39%及0.95%;水体中的温度、光照条件、溶解氧、点位位置分布、水深等是影响各氮形态含量与分布的重要环境因子。 相似文献
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对2005年7月至2006年2月采集到的南京市气溶胶Pm2.5 进行季节性初步分析,并对其中的15种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)进行分析研究,通过比值法判断南京市PAHs夏季主要来源于柴油型燃烧,冬季主要来源于柴油和煤型相结合的燃烧.对15种优控PAHs两两之间的相关性分析,发现各化合物之间显著相关,表明各化合物的来源有相似之处. 相似文献
16.
Ying Guo Huan-Yun Yu Eddy Y. Zeng 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1753-1763
This review summarizes and analyzes available data in the literature (mostly after 2000) on the occurrence of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its main metabolites, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and chlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), in the environment of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China. Generally, the concentration levels of the sum of DDT, DDD, and DDE, designated as DDTs thereafter, have not significantly declined since 1983. However, the composition of DDTs residues has changed with time. DDTs in soil, freshwater sediment and freshwater fish species were mainly residues from chronological use. There is evidence that new point sources, such as dicofol and anti-fouling paint, may have contributed DDTs to various environmental compartments. Risk assessment against existing criteria indicated that the levels of DDTs in water and some fish species may pose adverse effects to humans or wildlife, and those in sediment/soil may also cause negative impacts to the eco-environment of the PRD. 相似文献
17.
用Ames试验检测水源水和自来水中的遗传毒性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用微伤寒沙门氏菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶系的Amaes试验,研究了不同季节物水源水及管网自来水中的遗传毒性,以XAD2树脂为吸附剂,以丙酮-甲醇的混合液为洗脱液,浓率水样中的有机物,并对部分阳性水样进行有机成分的定性分析。结果发现:13个水样中有7个样品在淡需要代谢活化系统S9的情况下,可诱导鼠伤寒沙门氏菌碱基移码型菌株的回复突变;不同水样在不同季节不同的诱导作用;同时通过GC/MS方法分析,发现阳性水 相似文献
18.
合成麝香是一类近十多年才引起人们关注的有机污染物.合成麝香广泛分布于环境中.难降解,易生物富集,对水生生物和人体均呈现一定的生物毒性.文章对某一化妆品厂生产车闯内、外及工厂外的上、下风向大气中多环麝香进行了定性定量分析,结果表明,除ATⅡ之外,大气中检测出了五种多环麝香,其中作为对照点的上风向多环麝香总浓度为5.43ng/m3,而工厂室内、外及下风向的多环麝香浓度范围为17.25~5543.4ng/m3;气固分配实验研究发现,超过68.43%的多环麝香分布于气相中. 相似文献
19.
The concentrations, distribution and sources of PAHs in agricultural soils and vegetables from Shunde, Guangdong, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Li YT Li FB Chen JJ Yang GY Wan HF Zhang TB Zeng XD Liu JM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,139(1-3):61-76
The concentrations, distribution and sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 30 agricultural
soil and 16 vegetable samples collected from subtropical Shunde area, an important manufacturing center in China. The total
PAHs ranged from 33.7 to 350 μg/kg in soils, and 82 to 1,258 μg/kg in vegetables. The most abundant individual PAHs are phenanthrene,
fluoranthene, chrysene, pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene for soil samples, and anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene
and chrysene for vegetable samples. Average vegetable–soil ratios of total PAHs were 2.20 for leafy vegetables and 1.27 for
fruity vegetables. Total PAHs in vegetable samples are not significantly correlated to those in corresponding soil samples.
Principal component analyses were conducted to distinguish samples on basis of their distribution in each town, soil type
and vegetable specie. Relatively abundant soil PAHs were found in town Jun’an, Beijiao, Chencun, Lecong and Ronggui, while
abundant vegetable PAHs were observed in town Jun’an, Lecong, Xingtan, Daliang and Chenchun. The highest level of total PAHs
were found in vegetable soil, followed by pond sediment and “stacked soil” on pond banks. The PAHs contents in leafy vegetables
are higher than those in fruity vegetables. Some PAH compound ratios suggest the PAHs derived from incomplete combustion of
petroleum, coal and refuse from power generation and ceramic manufacturing, and paint spraying on furniture, as well as sewage
irrigation from textile industries. Soil PAHs contents have significant logarithmic correlation with total organic carbon,
which demonstrates the importance of soil organic matter as sorbent to prevent losses of PAHs. 相似文献
20.
Source water protection planning (SWPP) is an approach to prevent contamination of ground and surface water in watersheds where these resources may be abstracted for drinking or used for recreation. For SWPP the hazards within a watershed that could contribute to water contamination are identified together with the pathways that link them to the water resource. In rural areas, farms are significant potential sources of pathogens. A risk-based index can be used to support the assessment of the potential for contamination following guidelines on safety and operational efficacy of processes and practices developed as beneficial approaches to agricultural land management. Evaluation of the health risk for a target population requires knowledge of the strength of the hazard with respect to the pathogen load (massxconcentration). Manure handling and on-site wastewater treatment systems form the most important hazards, and both can comprise confined and unconfined source elements. There is also a need to understand the modification of pathogen numbers (attenuation) together with characteristics of the established pathways (surface or subsurface), which allow the movement of the contaminant species from a source to a receptor (water source). Many practices for manure management have not been fully evaluated for their impact on pathogen survival and transport in the environment. A key component is the identification of potential pathways of contaminant transport. This requires the development of a suitable digital elevation model of the watershed for surface movement and information on local groundwater aquifer systems for subsurface flows. Both require detailed soils and geological information. The pathways to surface and groundwater resources can then be identified. Details of land management, farm management practices (including animal and manure management) and agronomic practices have to be obtained, possibly from questionnaires completed by each producer within the watershed. To confirm that potential pathways are active requires some microbial source tracking. One possibility is to identify the molecular types of Escherichia coli present in each hazard on a farm. An essential part of any such index is the identification of mitigation strategies and practices that can reduce the magnitude of the hazard or block open pathways. 相似文献