Assessment of sources and transformation of nitrate in the alluvial-pluvial fan region of north China using a multi-isotope approach

A multi-isotope approach and mixing model were combined to identify spatial and seasonal variations of sources,and their proportional contribution to nitrate in the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan region.The results showed that the NO₃^- concentration was significantly higher in the Hutuo River valley plain(178.7 mg/L) region than that in the upper and central pluvial fans of the Hutuo River(82.1 mg/L and 71.0 mg/L,respectively)and in the river(17.0 mg/L).Different land use...     

基于源流域水量水质模型研究小流域营养物管理方案

采用澳大利亚源流域水量水质模型模拟东山小流域内2001-2010年9种不同土地利用类型产生的降雨径流及总氮和总磷的污染负荷,模拟结果为:流域内多年平均径流量为6 150万m3/a,总氮输出负荷为270 t/a,总磷负荷为22 t/a。模拟结果表明:水产养殖塘和高地茶果树是东山地区主要的营养物来源。通过三个情景方案的模拟,说明当地环境管理方案可以有效地削减入湖的营养负荷,其中第二个情景方案的削减量最大,总氮和总磷负荷分别削减了18%和25%。     

Biomagnetic monitoring of industry-derived particulate pollution

Clear association exists between ambient PM₁₀ concentrations and adverse health outcomes. However, determination of the strength of associations between exposure and illness is limited by low spatial-resolution of particulate concentration measurements. Conventional fixed monitoring stations provide high temporal-resolution data, but cannot capture fine-scale spatial variations. Here we examine the utility of biomagnetic monitoring for spatial mapping of PM₁₀ concentrations around a major industrial site. We combine leaf magnetic measurements with co-located PM₁₀ measurements to achieve inter-calibration. Comparison of the leaf-calculated and measured PM₁₀ concentrations with PM₁₀ predictions from a widely-used atmospheric dispersion model indicates that modelling of stack emissions alone substantially under-predicts ambient PM₁₀ concentrations in parts of the study area. Some of this discrepancy might be attributable to fugitive emissions from the industrial site. The composition of the magnetic particulates from vehicle and industry-derived sources differ, indicating the potential of magnetic techniques for source attribution.     

淮南市春季大气PM 10 中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源

2008年4月-2008年6月对淮南市的5个采样点PM10连续采样,分析了其中多环芳烃（PAHs）。PAHs质量浓度的最大值和最小值分别为112ng／m^3和15.2ng／m^3,PAHs春季质量浓度均值为40.2ng／m^3;PAHs组成以4环和5环为主;春季不同采样点PAHs质量浓度与环境温度呈负相关关系,运用PAHs比值综合判断,淮南市春季大气PM10中PAHs主要来源于燃煤和机动车尾气。     

冬季水网藻对源水水质的净化作用

为保护源水水质,控制水质富营养化,利用水网藻来以藻治藻。中试结果表明,水网藻在冬季仍能正常生长,但生长速度下降,这与气候有密切关系。与对照测点比较,网袋内氨氮、生化需氧量和总磷的浓度分别下降了15.6％、28.6％和7.5％,水网藻在冬季仍可作为净化水源水质的一项生态工程措施。藻类的演替,与光照、水温和氮磷比等环境因素有关,由于这些因素难以控制,只能因地制宜,利用现有的种类净化水质。     

应用悬浮填料预处理微污染原水的影响因素探讨

对采用悬浮填料的生物接触氧化原水预处理技术的影响因素进行了探讨。分析了自然挂膜条件下的工艺启动过程，研究了停留时间、气水比、温度、浊度条件对污染物去除效果的影响。通过夏、秋、冬季的中试运行效果表明：停留时间为60min，生物预处理装置对污染物的去除具有较好的效果；温度低于8.5℃，对氨氮去除效果影响较大；浊度对本工艺运行影响不大；气水比为0.375，足够满足生物预处理的运行。     

青岛大气颗粒物的扫描电镜研究和污染源识别

应用扫描电镜－X射线能谱对青岛市大气颗粒物定性分析。单个颗粒物分析和多个颗粒物复合分析的结果,为污染源识别和相对重要性的估计提供了重要信息:青岛市大气颗粒物的来源,主要有土壤扬尘和燃煤飞灰、硫酸钙和其他硫酸盐类的二次颗粒物、有机物质颗粒物、天然海盐、工业钡盐与其他类型的工业排放。      

PM2.5 source apportionment in a French urban coastal site under steelworks emission influences using constrained non-negative matrix factorization receptor model

The constrained weighted-non-negative matrix factorization(CW-NMF) hybrid receptor model was applied to study the influence of steelmaking activities on PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with equivalent aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) composition in Dunkerque,Northern France. Semi-diurnal PM_(2.5)samples were collected using a high volume sampler in winter 2010 and spring 2011 and were analyzed for trace metals, water-soluble ions, and total carbon using inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES),ICP- mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), ionic chromatography and micro elemental carbon analyzer. The elemental composition shows that NO_3~-, SO_4~(2-), NH_4~+and total carbon are the main PM_(2.5)constituents. Trace metals data were interpreted using concentration roses and both influences of integrated steelworks and electric steel plant were evidenced. The distinction between the two sources is made possible by the use Zn/Fe and Zn/Mn diagnostic ratios. Moreover Rb/Cr, Pb/Cr and Cu/Cd combination ratio are proposed to distinguish the ISW-sintering stack from the ISW-fugitive emissions. The a priori knowledge on the influencing source was introduced in the CW-NMF to guide the calculation. Eleven source profiles with various contributions were identified: 8 are characteristics of coastal urban background site profiles and 3 are related to the steelmaking activities. Between them,secondary nitrates, secondary sulfates and combustion profiles give the highest contributions and account for 93% of the PM_(2.5)concentration. The steelwork facilities contribute in about 2%of the total PM_(2.5)concentration and appear to be the main source of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn.     

长江河源区大气环境考察报告

１９９７年７、８月间,中华环保基金会组织“９７’长江河源生态考察”活动,考察活动覆盖了长江河源区广大地区,取得圆满成功。将实地考察所获得的第一手数据汇总,对大气主要污染物,如ＴＳＰ、ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ、ＣＯ和Ｏ２在源区大气中的分布作了一定探讨,对今后大气环境发展趋势作了初步的分析,并提出了相关建议     

典型城市河流硝态氮污染来源的氮氧同位素解析

城市河流硝态氮（NO₃-N）污染已经成为快速城市化发展中备受关注的水环境问题。以西安市皂河为例,于2021年的5月（旱季）和9月（雨季）采集其河流水体、排口出水和污水处理厂进出水,测定水质参数,并利用氮氧稳定同位素和Iso Source模型解析NO₃-N来源。结果表明：5月和9月皂河NO₃-N的δ¹⁵N分别为−26.43‰~32.29‰和−2.81‰~20.85‰,δ¹⁸O分别为−23.42‰~53.02‰和−5.26‰~21.53‰;粪污是皂河NO₃-N的主要来源,皂河不同污染源NO₃-N来源的平均贡献率,河流水体为粪污>土壤中氮>化肥>大气沉降,排口出水为粪污>土壤中氮>化肥>大气沉降,污水处理厂进水为大气沉降>粪污>土壤中氮>化肥,污水处理厂出水为粪污>土壤中氮>化肥>大气沉降;土壤中氮和粪污合计对皂河流域NO₃-N的贡献率大于70%。控制居民生活污水排放、加强管网建设、强化畜禽粪污管理以及加强土地施肥监督等,有利于减轻城市河流NO₃-N污染。