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631.
Adaptive Water Resource Planning in the South Saskatchewan River Basin: Use of Scenarios of Hydroclimatic Variability and Extremes
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David J. Sauchyn Jeannine‐Marie St‐Jacques Elaine Barrow Michael W. Nemeth Ryan J. MacDonald A. Michael S. Sheer Daniel P. Sheer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(1):222-240
The South Saskatchewan River Basin is one of Canada's most threatened watersheds, with water supplies in most subbasins over‐allocated. In 2013, stakeholders representing irrigation districts, the environment, and municipalities collaborated with researchers and consultants to explore opportunities to improve the resiliency of the management of the Oldman and South Saskatchewan River subbasins. Streamflow scenarios for 2025‐2054 were constructed by the novel approach of regressing historical river flows against indices of large‐scale ocean‐atmosphere climate oscillations to derive statistical streamflow models, which were then run using projected climate indices from global climate models. The impacts of some of the most extreme scenarios were simulated using the hydrologic mass‐balance model Operational Analysis and Simulation of Integrated Systems (OASIS). Based on stakeholder observations, the project participants proposed and evaluated potential risk management and adaption strategies, e.g., modifying existing infrastructure, building new infrastructure, changing operations to supplement environmental flows, reducing demand, and sharing supply. The OASIS model was applied interactively at live modeling sessions with stakeholders to explore practical adaptation strategies. Our results, which serve as recommendations for policy makers, showed that forecast‐based rationing together with new expanded storage could dramatically reduce water shortages. 相似文献
632.
河流生境质量评价是河流生态系统健康评价的关键之一。本文评价自然和人为作用下的河流生境质量,以南水北调东线工程徐州段丰县、邳州两市输水通道上的河流为研究对象,结合环境特点,选择了反映河道生境、河岸生境和滨岸带生境的10个指标,给出了每个指标的评价方法和5级标准特征值,建立河流生境质量评价体系,确定评价指标的等级标准,对研究区内16个河段的生境质量状况进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)河流生境质量指数(IRHQ)综合得分介于33~91。根据评价等级划分标准,其中有50%的河段生境质量达到"优"等,其余介于"良"等到"劣"等,河流生境质量整体状况良好。(2)河流生境质量指数与NH_4~+-N、COD、TN呈负相关,与DO呈正相关,多项生境指标也与水质指标具有相关性,表明生境质量与水质的相互影响。 相似文献
633.
Characterization of PBDEs in soils and vegetations near an e-waste recycling site in South China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yan Wang Chunling Luo Jun LiHua Yin Xiangdong LiGan Zhang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2443-2448
The concentration and composition of PBDEs in the soils and plants near a typical e-waste recycling site in South China were investigated. The total concentration of PBDEs (ΣPBDEs) in soil ranged from 4.8 to 533 ng/g dry wt. The ΣPBDEs in vegetation were from 2.1 to 217 ng/g dry wt. For the vegetable, the highest concentration of 19.9 ng/g dry wt. was observed in the shoot of Brassica alboglabra L. BDE 209 was the predominant congener in all samples. In comaprison with other e-waste contaminated sites in China, lower concentrations of PBDEs and higher concentrations of PCBs were observed in both soils and plants suggesting different e-waste types involved in the present study. The PBDEs contaminated vegetables around the e-waste dismantling site may pose a potential health risk to the local inhabitants. 相似文献
634.
Naomi Clark-Shen Andrew Chin Sirachai Arunrugstichai Jessica Labaja Meira Mizrahi Benaya Simeon Neil Hutchinson 《Conservation biology》2023,37(1):e13962
In Southeast Asia, elasmobranchs are particularly threatened. We synthesized knowledge from the peer-reviewed and gray literature on elasmobranchs in the region, including their fisheries, status, trade, biology, and management. We found that 59% of assessed species are threatened with extinction and 72.5% are in decline; rays were more threatened than sharks. Research and conservation is complicated by the socioeconomic contexts of the countries, geopolitical issues in the South China Sea, and the overcapacity and multispecies nature of fisheries that incidentally capture elasmobranchs. The general paucity of data, funds, personnel, and enforcement hinders management. Reduced capacity in the general fishery sector and marine protected areas of sufficient size (for elasmobranchs and local enforcement capabilities) are among recommendations to strengthen conservation. 相似文献
635.
636.
为了落实可持续发展的国家战略,四川省提出了“生态四川”的发展方向。实践“生态四川”离不开法律的支持,而四川省现有的生态立法存在一些不足,成为制约建构“生态四川”的瓶颈。因此应在“生态四川”基本理念的指引下,在立法上进行价值取向、方法论和权利配置手段的创新,并在此基础上提出“生态四川”立法的指导思想、立法重点和制度设计方案。 相似文献
637.
This article compares a range of initiatives aimed at involving people in the management of forest resources in Nepal and
India. In Nepal, we focus on three categories of state-initiated programs: community forestry, the parks’ buffer zone program,
and leasehold forestry. In the southern Indian state of Karnataka, we study the state-initiated Joint Forest Planning and
Management program along with older institutions of leaf manure forests (Soppina betta) and historical sacred forests (Kans). We conclude that state-initiated approaches to involving communities have been limited, at best, promote standardized and
relatively inflexible management practices, and lead to partial improvement in biodiversity and people’s livelihoods. When
management is initiated and owned by the community, as in the case of sacred groves in India, and when other conditions are
appropriate, communities can have the opportunity to demonstrate their capacity for putting effective and adaptive conservation
practices in place. 相似文献
638.
639.
在现行的水文风险组合计算中,往往需要对非正态分布的水文变量进行正态化处理,这必然引起畸变,从而影响分析计算结果的准确性。针对这一问题,在以往的研究基础上,根据Ditlevsen界限,进一步建立了基于二维Gumbel分布的长距离输水系统的综合水文风险评估模型,从而巧妙地解决了串联系统风险计算中如何建立n维联合概率分布函数的难题。并以南水北调中线工程河北省段的21条主要河流为例,分析了采用Gumbel联合分布来研究降雨量或洪水的联合分布特征的可行性,进行了实际水文概率的组合计算,结果表明南水北调中线工程河北省北段的综合防洪风险是3.1%,其防洪安全是有保证的。 相似文献
640.
四川不同海拔豆地生态及大豆生长发育变化研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对φ(N)32°14′~32°56′,λ(E)104°36′~104°51′范围内海拔(halt)400 ~1 400 m 豆地小气候观测结果表明:halt每升高100 m ,平均气温递减0.72 ℃;年降雨量递增63.0 mm(400~600 m) ~106.8 mm(800 ~1 400 m);相对湿度递增1% ;日照时数呈抛物线上升变化. halt400 m 日均温稳定通过12.0 ℃的初期为3 月中旬,halt每升高100 m ,该时间延迟5~7 d. 不同halt>12℃的有效积温分别为3621.2 ℃(400 m);3 245 .0 ℃(600 m);3 149.9 ℃(800 m) ;2 804 .8 ℃(1 000 m) ;2082.1 ℃(1200 m);1 950.1 ℃(1 400 m) . 在相对较高的海拔,存在明显的逆温和南北坡效应,相应存在大豆局部高产区. 不同海拔豆地生态及大豆生长发育变化研究结果可为四川不同海拔区大豆品种合理布局和应用高产优质栽培技术提供了理论依据. 相似文献