Enhanced adsorption of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by chitosan-g-poly （acrylic acid）/vermiculite hydrogel composites

A series of chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/vermiculite hydrogel composites were synthesized and used as adsorbents for the investigation of the e ect of process parameters such as vermiculite content, pH of dye solution, contact time, initial concentration of dye solution, temperature, ionic strength and concentration of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate on the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The results showed that the adsorption capacity for dye increased with increasing pH, contact time and initial dye concentration, but decreased with increasing temperature, ionic strength and sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration in the present of the surfactant. The adsorption kinetics of MB onto the hydrogel composite followed pseudo second-order kinetics and the adsorption equilibrium data obeyed Langmuir isotherm. By introducing 10 wt.% vermiculite into chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid) polymeric network, the obtaining hydrogel composite showed the highest adsorption capacity for MB, and then could be regarded as a potential adsorbent for cationic dye removal in a wastewater treatment process.     

Adsorption of Disperse Blue SBL dye by synthesized poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite

The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the adsorption in batch mode of a disperse dye (Disperse Blue SBL) by poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite synthesized by coprecipitation between Ca(NO_3)_2 and (NH_4)_2HPO4 reagents in aqueous solution at room temperature. The adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the factors that influence the dye uptake by the adsorbent, such as the contact time under agitation, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, solution temperature, and pH. The e...     

南黄海秋季溶解无机碳的分布特征

根据2004年10月对南黄海4个断面29个站位表层、20 m层和50 m层水体中盐度、水温、pH值等参数的测定数据,分析了该季节溶解无机碳的组成和分布特征,探讨了影响其分布的主要因素.结果显示,调查期间南黄海水体中溶解无机碳及其各组成部分的水平分布差异显著;在垂直方向上,表层和20 m层各参数之间浓度总体上差异不大,但均与50 m层存在较大的差异.盐度、温度、生物活动和环流对各参数的分布具有重要影响,但对不同参数的影响程度不同.     

南黄海中部表层沉积物中多环芳烃含量分布及来源分析

采用气相色谱与质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,在一个航次内对南黄海表层沉积物中16种优先监控的PAHs的污染状况进行了调查,采用菲/蒽、荧蒽/芘、荧蒽/(荧蒽+芘)、吲哚芘/(吲哚芘+苯并(g,h,i)菲)等特定比值对PAHs来源进行了分析.结果表明,南黄海表层沉积物中检出PAHs的总含量为90.4～732.65ng·g-1,各站点均以4～6环为主;与其它站位相比,倾废区的HOI站位受到PAHs污染较为明显,无论是16种PAHs总量还是高分子量组分最高值都出现在该站点,虽然该海区沉积物中PAHs的含量没有超出生物影响低值,但苯并(b)荧蒽、吲哚芘和苯并(g,h,i)芘等一些没有最低安全标准的PAHs也有不同程度的检出,对海洋生物具有潜在的毒副作用.PAHs可能来源于原油、生物和煤燃烧造成的污染.     

化学发光法检测空气中NO_2研究

以0.2%的三乙醇胺水溶液作为二氧化氮吸收液,将空气中二氧化氮转化为亚硝酸盐,进而测出空气中二氧化氮的浓度。通过实验发现,进样方式、载流速度、硫酸浓度、溴酸钾浓度和酸性铬蓝K的浓度对该体系的发光强度都有影响,确定了体系的最优条件,建立了标准曲线,亚硝酸根的浓度在6.0×10-9～1.0×10-5mol/L范围内分段有很好的线性关系,检出限为8.5×10-11mol/L。对1.0×10-8mol/L和1.0×10-6mol/L的亚硝酸根进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差分别为1.8%和2.2%。用该方法对氧化剂实验室空气中的二氧化氮含量进行了检测并进行标准加入和回收实验,回收率在95%～104%之间,该法可用于大气环境中的NO2测定。     

重庆市“蓝天行动”的历史回顾与新一轮实施发展

通过对2005年以来重庆市“蓝天行动”实施的历史回顾,梳理和总结出重庆市环境空气污染治理监管的成果和经验,并提出了新一轮“蓝天行动”(2018—2022年)以控制细颗粒物PM_2.5污染和减少臭氧污染为重点,以降低氮氧化物浓度为突破点,坚持全民共治、源头防治为目标,制定了“四控两增”针对性的防治工程措施。截止2020年,重庆市优良天数达到333天,PM_2.5年均浓度达到33μg/m³,空气质量评价六项指标首次实现有监测记录以来全部达标,为历史最好水平。     

Electropolymerized poly（Toluidine Blue）-modified carbon felt for highly sensitive amperometric determination of NADH in flow injection analysis

Poly(pheniothiazine) films were prepared on a porous carbon felt (CF) electrode surface by an electrooxidative polymerization of three phenothiazine derivatives (i.e.,Tthionine (TN), Toluidine Blue (TB) and Methylene Blue (MB)) from 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0). Among the three phenothiazies, the poly(TB) film-modified CF exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) at +0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The poly(TB) film-modified CF was successfully used as working electrode unit of highly sensitive amperometric flow-through detector for NADH. The peak currents (peak heights) were almost unchanged, irrespective of a carrier flow rate ranging from 2.0 to 4.1 mL/min, resulting in the measurement of NADH (ca. 30 samples/hr) at 4.1 mL/min. The peak current responses of NADH showed linear relationship over the concentration range from 1 to 30 mol/L (sensitivity: 0.318 A/( mol/L); correlation coefficient: 0.997). The lower detection limit was found to be 0.3 mol/L (S/N = 3).     

Acid Blue 25 adsorption on base treated Shorea dasyphylla sawdust: Kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic and spectroscopic analysis

The potential of base treated Shorea dasyphylla (BTSD) sawdust for Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) adsorption was investigated in a batch adsorption process. Various physiochemical parameters such as pH, stirring rate, dosage, concentration, contact time and temperature were studied. The adsorbent was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis. The optimum conditions for AB 25 adsorption were pH 2, stirring rate 500 r/min, adsorbent dosage 0.10 g and contact time 60 min. The pseudo second-order model showed the best conformity to the kinetic data. The equilibrium adsorption of AB 25 was described by Freundlich and Langmuir, with the latter found to agree well with the isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of BTSD was 24.39 mg/g at 300 K, estimated from the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were determined. It was found that AB 25 adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic.     

Simulated-sunlight-activated photocatalysis of Methylene Blue using cerium-doped SiO2/TiO2 nanostructured fibers

Cerium-doped SiO₂/TiO₂ nanostructured fibers were fabricated by electrospinning technology. The prepared fibers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Using the fibers as catalysts, photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) aqueous solution was carried out under simulated sunlight. The 0.2% Ce doping proved to be the optimal concentration for the doping of TiO₂/SiO₂, compared to other Ce-doped molar concentrations. The 0.2% Ce-doped SiO₂/TiO₂ fibers exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than industrial Degussa P25 and the samples doped with only Ce or SiO₂. The reasons for improving the photocatalytic activity were also discussed. Several operational parameters were studied, which showed that the photocatalytic efficiency of MB was influenced by parameters such as the initial dye concentration, the initial pH, inorganic anions, and so on. In addition, the influences of an electron acceptor and a radical scavenger suggested that OH was the dominant photooxidant during the photocatalytic process. The reuse evaluation of the fibers indicated that their photocatalytic activity had good stability.     

PBS基共聚物对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响研究

采用人工土壤法,以蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的变化为指标,研究了不同分子量可生物降解材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/聚己内酯(PBS-co-PCL)共聚物对蚯蚓的急性毒性。研究结果表明:数均分子量为8.0×103和1.6×104实验中,蚯蚓蛋白质均表现出随PBS-co-PCL含量的增大而减小的趋势,但最终蛋白质含量与空白实验基本一致;数均分子量为2.8×104的PBS-co-PCL对蚯蚓的影响比较小,不随共聚物含量的增加而变化,与空白实验基本保持相同水平。以上结果表明:不同分子量PBS-co-PCL对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响不大,对蚯蚓是安全的。