Seasonal spatial differentiation of sex groups in populations of resident bat species (Chiroptera,Vespertilionidae) in the Southern Urals

On the basis of studies on the ecology of boreal bat species in the Southern Urals (1997–2004), the first classification of their summer habitats has been made. It has been shown that spatial segregation of sex groups into areas of two types, designated wintering and breeding zones, takes place in populations in the period of offspring rearing. In females, seasonal migrations are guided by imprinting on sites providing sufficient food for offspring rearing and on wintering sites. In males, imprinting on wintering sites alone is observed.     

中国南方山地“砂石化”及控制对策—以云南小江流域为例

“砂石化”是我国南方山地河谷区在崩塌、滑坡、泥石流发生发展过程中所伴生的一种灾变现象，视其地理景观，酷似我国西北地区的戈壁荒漠。作者以云南小江流域为例，通过多年的实地考察研究，从理论与实践的结合上，就“砂石化”的形成过程、类型特征和控制对策等进行剖析，以期引起人们对此类灾变现象的关注。     

Concentrations of selected metals in chicken eggs from commercial farms in Southern Nigeria

This work presents the results of the determination of concentrations of the trace metals Ni, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, and Fe in eggs from farms in Southern Nigeria. The mean concentrations (µg?g^?1 fresh weight) ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 for Ni, 3.1 to 8.9 for Zn, 0.45 to 0.65 for Mn, 0.4 to 1.2 for Pb, <0.09 to 0.3 for Cr, 0.1 to 0.3 for Cd, 0.26 to 0.34 for Co, 0.9 to 1.2 for Cu and 19.5 to 24.0 for Fe. The concentrations and estimated dietary intakes of these metals were below the respective statutory limits. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values for the individual metals in all zones are less than 1, i.e., within safe levels. The combined THQ values for the different zones were greater than 1but less than 2, with a significant contribution of cobalt.     

双管板换热器的设计与制造

根据双管板换热器的结构特点,从设计、制造、监造与使用维护方面全过程要点剖析,对主要重点进行系统性进行阐述,并与业内人士全方位交流与要点探讨。     

山东半岛蓝色经济区海域生态环境综合评价

海域生态环境评价作为承载力研究的基础,在近海生态管理中得到了广泛关注. 针对海洋生态环境研究中评价指标体系简单、标准相对单一及不利于实际应用等问题,以生态系统为研究视角构建了基于环境因子和生态响应的近海生态环境综合评价指标体系与指数计量方法,根据环境因子指数和生态响应指数在交叉判断矩阵中的位置,将近海生态环境状态分为优、良、中、差和劣5个等级,并将该方法应用于山东半岛蓝色经济区海域评价. 结果表明:研究海域整体环境因子指数为0.41~0.84(平均值为0.67),生态响应指数为0.17~0.75(平均值为0.45),综合评价等级为良,但已非常接近中等级别;其生态环境问题主要表现为溶解无机氮负荷较高、重金属和浮游动物密度负荷过低. 不同海域生态环境状态存在明显差异,25个近岸海域中等级优和良的共占60%,主要分布在山东半岛东部和西南部;海域等级为中和差的各占16%,另有8%海域等级为劣. 该评价模型与方法从生态环境整体性揭示海域存在问题,可为山东半岛蓝色经济区建设提供科学依据.      

Microbiological Monitoring of Marine Recreational Waters in Southern California

An inventory was conducted to assess the number, type, spatial distribution, and costs of microbiological monitoring programs in southern California marine waters from Point Conception to the US/Mexico International Border. The location of each sampling site was determined using global positioning system (GPS), and estimates of geographic coverage were determined using geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Twenty-one programs conducted 87,007 tests annually at 576 sites in the study area. The largest number of sites was sampled in Orange County, whereas the largest number of analyses was performed in Los Angeles County because monitoring programs in this area focused on daily monitoring. Fifteen of the 21 programs were managed by National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitted sewage effluent dischargers who sampled both offshore and shoreline waters and typically tested for three indicator bacteria (total coliform, fecal coliform, and enterococcus). Their combined efforts comprised 82% of all of the microbiological indicator analyses conducted on an annual basis. Five of the remaining monitoring organizations were public health agencies, which typically focus their efforts on testing only total coliforms. Laboratory methodology also varied considerably, with NPDES permittees predominantly utilizing membrane filtration while public health agencies generally used multiple tube fermentation or premanufactured test kits. Nearly three quarters of all the effort expended in southern California occurred along the shoreline as opposed to offshore locations. Two thirds of this shoreline effort was focused on high-use sandy beaches and in proximity to perennial freshwater outlets (storm drains and creeks). Most sampling occurred at a set of fixed sites that were revisited frequently, but only represented about 7% of the total shoreline. We estimated that roughly $3 million is spent annually on monitoring bathing water quality in southern California, exceeding that spent in any other part of the country.     

中国南部沿海地区雨涝灾害时空特征及趋势预测

根据插补完整的近５００年旱涝等级序列和近４０年实测降水资料，分别制定了历史时期和观测时期雨涝分级标准。建立了五省一市１８个站的雨涝序列。在此基础上，探讨了中国南部沿海地区雨涝分布时空特征，并对典型雨涝年的成因及灾情进行了分析和评估，最后作出９０年代雨涝趋势预测，为沿海的减灾、防灾提供科学依据     

VENTURA RIVER FLOOD OF FEBRUARY 1992: A LESSON IGNORED?1

ABSTRACT: On February 12, 1992, a portion of the Ventura River, California, flowed through the Ventura Beach RV Resort which had recently been constructed across a major historically active distributary of the Ventura River delta. State and local land-use planners recognized the flood hazards associated with the site, but decision-makers relied on analytical methods developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and flood-hazard categories developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which did not adequately reflect the mobile nature of the Ventura River channel and distributaries. A better understanding of the historical behavior of the Ventura River could have averted the flood damages experienced in 1992. Low intensity recreational, agricultural, or habitat restoration use of the site would minimize potential flood damages and obviate the need for structural flood protection that would impact the river's natural resources. Continued operation of the recreational vehicle park could result in additional flood damages in the relatively near future; recognizing the limitations of the flood-modeling methodologies used for the Ventura Beach RV Resort could prevent similar miscalculations of flood potential in comparable situations.     

PHYSICOCHEMICAL FACTORS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ALGAL GROWTH IN A NEW SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: Some physical and chemical characteristics of Lake Perris, a new southern California reservoir, were investigated with regard to their influence on phytoplankton biomass and community structure. The concentration of three major nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron – was approximately equivalent to the demand ratio of fresh water plants. Large increases in iron and phosphorus concentrations in late summer due to releases from sediments, however, tended to shift the balance toward a nitrogen-limited situation. Nitrogen limitation favored nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae, and after a decline of competing algae during the summer, the blue-green population bloomed in September. Series of measurements taken over one-day periods during summer stratification showed that some iron, phosphorus, and manganese from the hypolimnion could move upward, corresponding to diel shifts in the thermocline depth. Vertical transport of nutrients could thus occur long before complete lake mixing and could support summer/fall algal blooms.     

永春牛姆林生态旅游的SWOT分析及其规划

永春牛姆林因良好的自然生态环境被誉为“闽南西双版纳”，其发展生态旅游的优势与劣势、机遇与挑战并存，应努力发挥优势，消除劣势，把握机遇，迎接挑战，并在此基础上构建“大牛姆林”旅游格局和“闽南金三角”大旅游格局，体现“大旅游、大市场、大产业”的旅游新理念。