杉木生长对南方涛动的可能响应

对杉木中心产区边缘杉木个体年轮生长规律进行了研究,分析了杉木年轮生长的特点,建立杉木个体年轮的时间模型,求算年轮指数,通过对２０多年来南方涛动指数第一、第二主分量与杉木人工林生长关系的研究,探讨南方涛动对杉木生长的可能影响,以南方涛动第一、第二主分量为自变量,建立杉木人工林年轮生长模型,模拟精度达９１．０５％,说明南方涛动对杉木人工林胸径生长可能存在一定影响（α＝０．０５）。     

江南水乡区域景观体系特征与整体保护机制

20世纪80年代江南六大水乡古镇被发现、保护,并且进行旅游开发之后,该区以其独有的水乡风貌特色和丰厚的文化底蕴,成为华东地区重要的旅游目的地。旅游为古镇带来了显著的经济、社会和文化效益,形成了古镇独特的发展模式。然而在发展的同时,因受城市化、工业化、商业化和现代化的冲击,该区域不仅呈现出商业化过度、现代化过快、空心化明显、克隆化普遍和超载化突出的严重问题,而且其赖以存在的江南水乡区域景观体系也遭受到前所未有的破坏,使江南六镇的保护出现孤岛化现象。依托江南水乡文化遗存的区域景观整体的研究,探讨了古镇及区域景观体系保护与持续利用的内在机制。     

亚甲基蓝表面修饰纳米TiO2降解造纸废水动力学

以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为表面修饰剂,采用简单的化学吸附法制备亚甲基蓝表面修饰的纳米TiO2光催化剂(TiO2-MB)。经表面修饰后,TiO2-MB光催化剂波长响应范围红移至可见光区575 nm处。探讨了光催化剂量、光照时间和溶液pH值对TiO2-MB光催化降解造纸废水的影响;研究了纳米TiO2-MB对造纸废水的暗吸附规律和光降解性能。结果表明:纳米TiO2-MB对造纸废水的吸附规律都较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型,属于吸热反应;光催化降解动力学符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型。在160 W高压汞灯光照80 min,3.0 g/L纳米TiO2-MB光催化降解pH=2.0的造纸废水(COD:2 069.8 mg/L),COD去除率可达94.7%,处理效果远高于避光条件下。光催化剂经8次使用仍具有较高的催化活性。     

外负载Ce-TiO2/活性炭复合体对亚甲基蓝光催化

用超临界流体沉积法处理过的活性炭(AC)为载体,钛酸丁酯为前驱物,硝酸铈为掺杂剂,乙醇为溶剂,制备了外负载TiO2-Ce/Csurf复合材料。在紫外灯照射下,以亚甲基蓝溶液为标准模拟降解物,研究了复合体不同热处理温度、不同浓度、不同亚甲基蓝浓度、不同铈掺杂量以及不同反应温度对光催化性能的影响。结果表明:外负载催化剂的催化性能要高于纯TiO2和体负载催化剂。铈离子掺杂能抑制TiO2晶粒生长,阻碍了TiO2由锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变。当铈离子掺杂量为1.5%,热处理温度为600℃,亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为5.5 mg/L,样品浓度为1.5 g/L时,光催化性能最好。     

Forest Cover and Stream Flow in a Headwater of the Blue Nile: Complementing Observational Data Analysis with Community Perception

This study analyses the relation of forest cover and stream flow on the 266 km² Koga watershed in a headwater of Blue Nile Basin using both observed hydrological data and community perception. The watershed declined from 16% forest cover in 1957 to 1% by 1986. The hydrological record did not reveal changes in the flow regime between 1960 and 2002 despite the reduction in forest area. This agrees with the perception of the downstream community living near the gauging station. The upstream community, however, reported both decreases in low flows and increases in high flows shortly after the forest cover was reduced. The upstream deforestation effect appeared to have been buffered by a wetland lower in the watershed. This study concludes that community perception can be a complement to observational data for better understanding how forest cover influences the flow regime.     

Occurrence and congeners specific of polychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils from Southern Jiangsu, China

A total of 198 agricultural soil samples were collected from Zhangjiagang and Changshu in Southern Jiangsu for analysis of 13 polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in order to assess the levels of pollution, sources, area distribution, and potential risk for the environment. All methods were rigorously tested and an adequate quality control was ensured. Only one site had no PCBs residues, and the highest total PCBs concentration in the surface soils was 32.83 ng/g. The average concentration in all the soil samples was 4.13 ng/g, signaling low-level pollution. Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant species in soil samples, accounting for more than 75% of ∑PCBs in the soil samples. PCB118 was the most abundant congener in all the samples. The PCB118 was about 20% of ∑PCBs. The soil organic matter content showed only a weak correlation with the levels of all PCB congeners, in which a better correlation was noted for the more volatile lighter PCB congeners than for the heavier homologues. To a certain extent, the sources and land use seemed to influence the levels of PCBs.     

Freshwater systems and ecosystem services: Challenges and chances for cross-fertilization of disciplines

Freshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened in the world, while providing numerous essential ecosystem services (ES) to humans. Despite their importance, research on freshwater ecosystem services is limited. Here, we examine how freshwater studies could help to advance ES research and vice versa. We summarize major knowledge gaps and suggest solutions focusing on science and policy in Europe. We found several features that are unique to freshwater ecosystems, but often disregarded in ES assessments. Insufficient transfer of knowledge towards stakeholders is also problematic. Knowledge transfer and implementation seems to be less effective towards South-east Europe. Focusing on the strengths of freshwater research regarding connectivity, across borders, involving multiple actors can help to improve ES research towards a more dynamic, landscape-level approach, which we believe can boost the implementation of the ES concept in freshwater policies. Bridging these gaps can contribute to achieve the ambitious targets of the EU’s Green Deal.     

氙灯曝露试验中标准物质的用途及使用方法

本文介绍了氙灯曝露试验中应用的主要标准物质,它们的用途及使用方法,着重介绍了蓝色羊毛标准、聚苯乙烯标准塑料片的应用.     

江苏及其南黄海6级地震与日本地震的相关性

吴佳翼等研究华北地震同日本地震的相关性 ,提出日本地震活动的 3个区 :日本海沟地震活动区(A区 )、日本海西部的深源地震区 (B区 )和日本浅源地震区 (C区 )如果相继发生地震活动 ,则中国华北地区 (D区 )将发生 6级以上响应地震。作者用 1 979年以来江苏及其黄海的 3个 6级震例 ,说明D区应扩大到江苏及其附近地区 ,并对历史地震进行检验。如果把D区改为大华北东部范围 ,在地球自转减速段 ,响应震将发生在华北东部 35°N～ 39°N地区 ;在地球自转加速段 ,响应震将发生在 φN≤ 35°或 φN>39°的地区。江苏及南黄海 6级响应地震发生的时间 ,可以用东北深震区与黄海地震带的相关性来估计     

黑曲霉(ASPERGILLUS NIGER)SG株三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因的分离与初步鉴定

黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ）在工业生产和科学研究中占有重要地位,因为许多黑曲霉菌株能产生有机酸和酶制剂,并能分泌大量蛋白质到细胞外［１,６］．三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（Ｇｌｙｃｅｒａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ３ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａ...