基于压力—状态—响应的项目风险辨识方法研究——以某油气长输管线建设项目风险辨识为例

从系统论的角度,分析了工程项目风险产生机理,认为工程项目的内外部环境压力在工程项目当前状态施压后,工程项目的承压部分做出的恶化反应趋势是造成工程项目风险产生的根本原因。基于这一观点,提出了基于压力—状态—响应的项目风险辨识方法,该方法综合考查工程项目进行中所面临的内外部环境压力、项目当前状态和项目承压部分在压力下的反应趋势进行风险辨识;完善了项目风险确定的表述,认为项目风险事件的确定应由项目风险产生的环境因素和项目状态变动两个方面确定;设计了基于压力—状态—响应的项目风险辨识表。通过在某油气长输管道建设项目中的应用,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

Evaluation of the International Vehicle Emission （IVE） model with on-road remote sensing measurements

Intemational Vehicle Emissions （IVE） model funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （USEPA） is designed to estimate emissions from motor vehicles in developing countries. In this study, the IVE model was evaluated by utilizing a dataset available from the remote sensing measurements on a large number of vehicles at five different sites in Hangzhou, China, in 2004 and 2005. Average fuel-based emission factors derived from the remote sensing measurements were compared with corresponding emission factors derived from IVE calculations for urban, hot stabilized condition. The results show a good agreement between the two methods for gasoline passenger cars＇ HC emission for all 1VE subsectors and technology classes. In the case of CO emissions, the modeled results were reasonably good, although systematically underestimate the emissions by almost 12%-50% for different technology classes. However, the model totally overestimated NOx emissions. The IVE NOx emission factors were 1.5-3.5 times of the remote sensing measured ones. The IVE model was also evaluated for light duty gasoline truck, heavy duty gasoline vehicles and motor cycles. A notable result was observed that the decrease in emissions from technology class State II to State I were overestimated by the IVE model compared to remote sensing measurements for all the three pollutants. Finally, in order to improve emission estimation, the adjusted base emission factors from local studies are strongly recommended to be used in the IVE model.     

轻型机动车尾气排放测试研究

通过在底盘测功机上进行轻型机动车的稳态负荷工况测试和瞬态负荷工况测试,进一步研究轻型机动车尾气排放污染物浓度、发动机输出功率、机动车行驶速度的相关性。并提出了通过计算排放变化率／加速度比例系数来确定稳态工况与瞬态工况的相关关系的方法,这对于I／M检测制度有很重要的技术意义。