烟气微细粒子高效控制技术

随着环保标准的严格化，烟气微细粒子的控制日益受到重视。袋式除尘器和电除尘器是未来控制烟气微细粒子的主要除尘设备；空气动力和静电力结合的多机理复合除尘器也将成为一个发展方向；凝并技术的应用，能有效地控制亚微粒子；磁力除尘技术的开发，将使细微粒子的收集更为节能高效。     

RESEARCH: Managing Mountainous Degraded Landscapes After Farmland Abandonment in the Central Spanish Pyrenees

Genista scorpius. Under a dense shrub cover both runoff and sediment yield are strongly controlled. As the shrub cover becomes open, sediment yield and runoff increase greatly. A dense herbaceous cover yields high runoff coefficients but moderate soil losses. From the results obtained, the possibility of abandoned field reclamation by means of selective clearing of scrub is discussed.     

Influence of DC electric and magnetic fields on silicon solar cells/modules

ABSTRACT

In this study, the impact of DC electric and magnetic fields on the output power, open-circuit voltage, and photocurrent density of a silicon photovoltaic (PV) cell/module is assessed. In this regard, the influence of DC electric and magnetic fields is first evaluated in theory by formulating and discussing related basis and concepts. Then, experimental measurements and data obtained from two different sets of experiments are given that verify theoretical results. In theory and practice, it is shown that depending on the direction of a DC electric field applied to a silicon PV cell/module, it causes an increase or reduction in the output power and open-circuit voltage of the PV cell/module. In detail, when the DC electric field points in the direction of the junction electric field of the PV cell(s), the output power and open-circuit voltage of the silicon PV cell/module increase, otherwise the output power and open-circuit voltage decrease. Regarding the magnetic field, it is proved that depending on the direction of a DC magnetic field applied to a silicon PV cell/module, different effects are observed. In detail, when the DC magnetic field points along the junction electric field of the PV cell(s), it has no effect on the output power and open-circuit voltage of the silicon PV cell/module. But, the output power and open-circuit voltage of the silicon PV cell/module decrease when the DC magnetic field points in the other directions. Moreover, the reduction in the output power and open-circuit voltage reaches its peak when the DC magnetic field is applied in the direction perpendicular to the junction electric field.     

磁场中旋转火焰稳定性分析

通过对旋转火焰受到磁场作用情况下微分方程的分析 ,确定旋转火焰在磁场中的稳定性条件 ,使人们更进一步地了解旋转火焰发展的规律性 ,从而在实际的火灾发生过程中有意识地对小的旋转火焰的某些特性加以控制 ,以避免火灾过程中火旋风的发生。这在实际火灾发生时 ,对于减少火灾带来的损失具有特别重要的意义 ;同时 ,这也会为人们研究地球磁场对实际火灾中形成火旋风的影响程度提供一定程度的参考作用     

摩擦对防静电无尘服装功能的影响研究

本文模拟人体穿着状况下的防静电无尘服与内部服装之间的摩擦,对因摩擦导致的功能性变化进行了研究。通过实验发现,随着摩擦次数的增加,服装上的静电压有增大的趋势,从而导致防静电功能的下降。对于用长丝制作的服装,防尘性能与透气性有着直接的联系,通过透气性测试发现,服装的防尘性能随着摩擦次数的增加逐渐下降。结合防静电无尘服的使用情况,就可以确定防静电无尘服的防尘功能变化趋势及其安全使用周期。     

发动机机油净化装置的研制与应用

车辆发动机每年在换季时都需要更换不同牌号的机油。为了使换下来的机油能够在第二年重复再利用,中原油田分公司采油五厂研制了污油机油净化处理装置。实践证明,净化后的机油完全可以达到使用技术要求。这样既能减少浪费,又能保护环境不受污染,经济效益也十分明显。     

OPTIMUM USE OF PADDY FIELDS FOR FLOOD MITIGATION1

In Taiwan, the continuously increasing levels of rice imports are likely to result in surplus paddy fields. Hence, the surplus paddy fields may be developed into wetlands to increase ground water recharge, provide appropriate environments for wildlife, and most importantly, store flood water. This study developed a hydrological model incorporating the distributed rainfall‐runoff model based on the kinematics wave approach and the distributed tank model for simulation, respectively, in mountainous and flat areas. The hydrological model was found to simulate the rainfall‐runoff behavior well in the study area. Furthermore, a decision method based on the genetic algorithm concepts was proposed to give policy makers the optimal location and area size of paddy fields to construct wetlands for flood mitigation.     

氧化沟流场的计算流体力学数值模型研究

该研究发展了氧化沟计算流体力学模型。采用三维标准k-ε湍流计算流体力学模型对全尺度氧化沟进行了数值模拟和试验验证,并用动量源项方法描述倒伞曝气机对氧化沟中流体的驱动作用,试验结果和模拟计算间良好的一致性证明了模型的合理性。模拟和试验均发现大量低流速区域的存在,尤其是表面曝气机下部靠近沟底的区域,有必要改善氧化沟的水力学性能。同时,对网格独立性进行了验证,比较了不同湍流模型的计算结果。     

磁场对厌氧除Cr(Ⅵ)工艺产气组成的影响及其机理分析

研究了磁场对优势菌去除Cr(Ⅵ)生物系统出水pH与ρ(COD_(Cr))以及产气中ρ(H_2S),ρ(NH_3),ρ(H_2),ρ(CH_4),ρ(CO_2)和ρ(VOCs)的影响. 结果表明:磁场系统(系统B)出水pH均比无磁系统(系统A)略低;系统B对COD_(Cr)的消耗效率明显高于系统A;磁场的引入能抑制H_2S和NH_3的产生. 在初始ρ[Cr(Ⅵ)]从30 mg/L增至60 mg/L时,系统A和B产气组分中的ρ(H_2S)和ρ(NH_3)均有所增大,增幅分别为28.67%～32.87%和62.65%～70.89%;初始ρ[Cr(Ⅵ)]为30 mg/L时,系统B产气中的ρ(CH_4)为系统A的3.1倍,其ρ(CO_2)比系统A高33.33%,ρ(VOCs)比系统A低14.75%;初始ρ[Cr(Ⅵ)]增至60 mg/L时,两系统产气中的ρ(CH_4)相等,ρ(CO_2)均有所下降,ρ(VOCs)均明显升高. 两系统产气中均未检出H_2. 从生理生化过程角度分析了磁场影响厌氧产气过程的机理.