城市表层土壤磁化率与重金属含量分布的相关性研究

以西安城市表层土壤为对象,测定表层土壤样品的磁化率和Co、Cr、Cu、Pb、Sn、Sr、Ba的含量,探讨表层土壤Co、Cr、Cu、Pb、Sn、Sr、Ba含量与磁化率的空间分布规律及二者的相关性.研究表明,西安城市表层土壤重金属含量与磁化率均具有中等程度的变异水平,所测7种重金属元素的平均含量均高于西安市主要土壤类型———褐土表层土壤背景值;土壤中Co、Cr、Cu、Pb、Sn、Sr、Ba的含量均与低频磁化率(χLF)呈显著正相关,而与频率磁化率(χFD)呈显著负相关;土壤低频磁化率的空间分布与重金属Pb、Cu的变化趋势相似,频率磁化率则与Co、Cr、Ba等元素的空间变化趋势相反.污染评价结果显示,西安市土壤重金属处于中度污染,污染负荷指数的空间变化与磁化率指标高度相关.因此土壤磁化率可作为研究城市土壤重金属污染的辅助手段.     

壳聚糖季铵盐磁性颗粒的制备及其对甲基橙的吸附效果

首先在甘氨酸盐酸盐离子液体([Gly]Cl)水溶液中制备了不同取代度的壳聚糖季铵盐,采用共沉淀法制备了纳米Fe3O4.进而以Fe3O4为核,戊二醛作交联剂,通过反相悬浮法制备交联壳聚糖季铵盐磁性颗粒,考察了反应条件对吸附效果的影响.并采用静态吸附法研究了磁性颗粒对甲基橙(MO)的吸附效果.结果表明,在25℃,pH=3的条件下,甲基橙初始浓度从20 mg.L-1增加到150 mg.L-1时,平衡吸附量从37.45 mg.g-1增加到277.5 mg.g-1.运用相关数学模型拟合实验数据得出,该吸附符合Freundlich模型,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型.经4次重复使用后磁性颗粒对甲基橙的吸附率仍高于90%.     

油田用水溶性高分子聚合物(HPAM)的可生化性及降解特性研究

油田含聚污水处理过程中一个重要问题就是降低污水中COD含量,其主要原因为聚合物驱动采油技术中广泛使用的高分子聚合物提供较大COD.因此如何实现HPAM的快速降解并且对其降解机制的研究对现有油田污水处理技术有重大意义.研究主要通过从油田含聚合物污水中分离Desulfovibrio sp.JQ2菌株进行室内降解研究,采用三维荧光光谱、气质联机和核磁共振等方法进行表征分析,研究表明,聚合物的可生化性为0.149,生物降解的产物主要包括:正十六酰胺(C16H33N)、 3-甲基-4-康醇(C8H18O)、2-甲基丁二酸异丁酯(C13H24O4).降解产物中大部分低分子量化合物除含双键、环氧和羰基的聚丙烯酰胺碎片外.降解后的产物多为短链的C-C键,其中以CH3-CH3-CH3-CH3和CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3为主.     

镍铁氧体@活性炭复合材料去除六价铬的表征、性能及机制

采用化学共沉淀法将镍铁氧体(NiFe₂O₄)负载到活性炭,制备出一种磁性吸附剂镍铁氧体@活性炭(NiFe₂O₄@AC),并将其用于吸附废水中的Cr(Ⅵ).研究了吸附剂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响因素、吸附动力学和吸附等温线.结果表明,在温度为25℃、 pH为2、 Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为150 mg·L^-1、活性炭投加量为0.1 g、吸附时间为720 min时,NiFe₂O₄@AC吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到96.92%,吸附量达到72.62 mg·g^-1.实验数据符合准二级动力学和Langmuir模型,表明其吸附过程是一个单层的化学吸附过程.热力学研究证实,温度升高有利于Cr(Ⅵ)在NiFe₂O₄@AC上的吸附,该吸附过程是自发和吸热反应.NiFe₂O₄@AC吸附机制主要是通过络合作用和静电吸引来吸附Cr(Ⅵ),同时,外加磁场可从溶液中分...     

Non-thermal effects of EMF upon the mammalian brain: the Lund experience

The environment in which biology exists has dramatically changed during the last decades. Life was formed during billions of years, exposed to, and shaped by the original physical forces such as gravitation, cosmic irradiation and the terrestrial magnetism. The existing organisms are created to function in harmony with these forces. However, in the late 19th century mankind introduced the use of electricity and during the very last decades, microwaves of the modern communication society spread around the world. Today one third of the world’s population is owner of the microwave-producing mobile phones. The question is: to what extent are living organisms affected by these ubiquitous radio frequency fields? Since 1988 our group has studied the effects upon the mammalian blood-brain barrier (BBB) by non-thermal radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). These have been revealed to cause significantly increased leakage of albumin through the BBB of exposed rats as compared to non-exposed animals—in a total series of about two thousand animals. One remarkable observation is the fact that the lowest energy levels give rise to the most pronounced albumin leakage. If mobile communication, even at extremely low energy levels, causes the users’ own albumin to leak out through the BBB, also other unwanted and toxic molecules in the blood, may leak into the brain tissue and concentrate in and damage the neurons and glial cells of the brain. In later studies we have shown that a 2-h exposure to GSM 915 MHz at non-thermal levels, gives rise to significant neuronal damage, seen 28 and 50 days after the exposure. In our continued research, the non-thermal effects (histology, memory functions) of long-term exposure for 13 months are studied as well as the effects of short term GSM 1,800 MHz upon gene expression. Most of our findings support that living organisms are affected by the non-thermal radio frequency fields. Studies from other laboratories in some cases find effects, while in other cases effects are not seen. Our conclusion is that all researchers involved in this field have the obligation to intensify this research in order to reduce, or avoid, the possible negative effects of the man made microwaves!     

坡耕地与林地价值比较研究--兼论退耕还林的效益

本文从坡耕地与林地价值差异入手，认识和界定耕地与林地的价值，运用经济学理论分析评价退耕土地的前后价值变化，探讨退耕还林工程产生的生态、经济和社会效益，为国家制定退耕还林政策提供一些建议。     

Prenatal diagnosis of partial agenesis of the corpus callosum in a fetus with thanatophoric dysplasia type 2

A fetus with thanatophoric dysplasia type 2 (TD2) associated with cloverleaf skull and abnormal development of the corpus callosum is reported. This case represents the first prenatal direct visualization of a partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) using high-resolution ultrasonography and colour power Doppler, which was confirmed by post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The causal link between cloverleaf skull in TD and partial ACC is discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficacy and safety of new TAMMEF (therapeutic application of musically modulated electromagnetic fields) system in the treatment of chronic low back pain

Numerous studies have demonstrated the utility of extremely low frequencies (ELF) electromagnetic fields in the treatment of pain. Moreover, the effects of these fields seems to depend on their respective codes. In our study we want to value the effects and the safety of the TAMMEF (Therapeutic Application of a Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Field) system, which field is piloted by a musical signal and its parameters are modified in time, randomly varying within the respective ranges, so that all possible codes can occur during a single application. Ninety subjects, affected by chronic low back pain, were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into three groups of 30 patients each: A exposed to TAMMEF, B exposed to ELF, C exposed to a simulated field. All subjects underwent a cycle of 15 daily sessions of 30 minutes each and a clinical examination upon enrolment, after 7 days of therapy, at the end of the cycle and at a follow-up 30 days later. All the patients of groups A and B completed the therapy without the appearance of side effects: they presented a significant improvement of the subjective pain and the functional limitation, which remained stable at the follow-up examination. In group C, there was no improvement of the pain symptoms or articular functionality. This study suggests that the TAMMEF system is efficacious and safe in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain.     

Minimally invasive fetal postmortem examination using magnetic resonance imaging and computerised tomography: current evidence and practical issues

For a variety of reasons, acceptance of traditional postmortem examination following foetal or neonatal death has declined significantly in recent years in the UK. Here, we review the case for the development of less invasive autopsy using combined investigations including imaging techniques, in particular, magnetic resonance imaging and computerised tomography. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.