非均相活化剂磁性纳米CoFe2O4的制备及其活性评价

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了磁性纳米铁酸钴（CoFe₂O₄）固体颗粒，并采用扫描电镜（SEM），X射线衍射仪（XRD），傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）和振动样品磁强计对样品进行表征分析.以磁性纳米CoFe₂O₄颗粒活化过硫酸盐氧化去除水中四环素为探针反应，评价CoFe₂O₄颗粒的活化性能.结果表明，600℃焙烧温度下制备出的固体颗粒，其活性较高，颗粒表面金属离子浸出率较低；优化温度下制备的CoFe₂O₄颗粒在较宽的pH值范围（4.4~9.0）内均具有较高活性；控制实验条件PDS₀ 1g/L，CoFe₂O₄ 1g/L，TCH₀ 50mg/L，20℃，pH₀ 4.4，反应4h后TCH去除率达到82.0%.CoFe₂O₄颗粒循环重复利用10次后仍保持较高的活性和结构稳定性，而且因其特殊的磁性能便于回收利用.     

清初“摊丁入亩”政策对环境的影响

清初“摊丁入亩”政策对清社会经济的恢复发展确实起到了促进作用,但同时对环境也构成了巨大威胁,引发了地表植被遭严重玻坏、自然灾害频繁、珍稀野生动植物大量灭绝等一系列环境问题。剖璞见玉,对今有史鉴作用。     

The role of TAMMEF therapy on the antioxidant status in osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder, associated with loss of articular cartilage, osteophyte formation, subchodral bone change, synovitis and characterized by chronic and often disabling pain and stiffness of one or more joints. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and still debated, even if recent studies have shown that reactive oxygen species may participate in the initiation and progression of OA. Moreover, it is known that pulsed electromagnetic fields are useful in the OA treatment, owing to their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This work evaluated lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and ascorbic acid levels in patients with OA of spine, before and after the application of a new electromagnetic system, the TAMMEF (Therapeutic Application of a Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Field) system. In TAMMEF system, the extremely low frequencies electromagnetic field is piloted by a musical signal and its parameters (frequency, intensity, waveform) are modified in time, randomly varying within the respective ranges: so all possible codes can occur during a single application. Twenty patients affected by OA of spine and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Plasma levels of ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (as index of lipid peroxidation) were determined in patients and controls, before the beginning of treatment (first day of therapy) and at the end of cycle. All patients underwent a cycle of 10 daily sessions of 30 min each. Our study showed a significant increase of MDA level and a significant decrease of both AA and GSH levels in patients with OA compared to control group. These findings support the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of OA. After TAMMEF treatment in the OA group, analysis revealed a significant decrease in plasma MDA and AA levels (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), no significant difference in GSH levels. Reduction in MDA level could be due to the decreased generation of reactive oxygen species and/or to the increased detoxification activity mediated by GSH. No significant difference in GSH levels, evidenced in OA patients after TAMMEF treatment, could be due to effect sparing of AA on GSH. Furthermore, a beneficial symptomatic effect was observed in all patients.     

A shell-based magnetic field model for magnetic proximity detection systems

Several magnetic proximity detection systems have been developed for mining vehicles and mobile machinery to protect nearby workers. Magnetic field generators are often used in these systems to establish magnetic fields around the equipment. A sensor worn by a worker provides a measurement of the magnetic flux density that is used to estimate the proximity to the machine. The proximity detection systems currently available for underground mining equipment are capable of identifying whether a worker is near the machine. However, it is a challenge for these systems to accurately locate the worker. Mining machines, which have fast-moving, articulated parts, present hazards that change depending on the situation at hand as well as the specific location of the worker. In addition, the dynamic nature and confined spaces of the mining environment often demand that the workers be close to the machinery. Therefore, in many cases, simply knowing the proximity of a worker may be inadequate. To provide the most effective protection, it would be advantageous to know the worker’s exact location relative to specific parts of the machine. To lay the foundation for measuring such a location, we have developed a shell-based model of the magnetic flux density distribution for a ferrite-cored generator. This paper will present an analysis of the model along with a model construction process. Also presented are the laboratory test results of a prototype system that implements this model to determine the exact location of a magnetic sensor using the fields from two generators.     

基于磁记忆检测方法的连续油管刻伤试验研究

随着连续油管的大规模投入使用,油管损伤引起的安全事故与日俱增。为了及时对油管使用过程中产生的缺陷进行检测、识别及定位,基于磁记忆检测方法,对连续油管进行管壁刻伤试验,结合workbench有限元方法模拟刻伤处的应力分布,对比分析不同刻伤类型产生的典型信号特征及信号特征值变化趋势。结果表明:刻伤部位的磁记忆信号曲线与应力分布曲线的特征及峰值变化趋势一致,随着刻伤宽度的增加,磁记忆信号曲线及应力分布曲线由单峰向双峰过渡,磁记忆信号峰值及应力峰值呈降低趋势;随着刻伤深度的增加,磁记忆信号曲线及应力分布曲线峰峰值增加,磁记忆信号峰值及应力峰值呈升高趋势。     

氨基修饰磁性氧化石墨烯吸附离子型染料性能

采用恒温搅拌法和水热法首次制备磁性三乙烯四胺氧化石墨烯（M-T-GO）,并通过SEM和XPS对M-T-GO进行表征.以M-T-GO为吸附剂,分析pH值、吸附时间和初始浓度对阴离子染料酒石黄（TY）和阳离子染料亚甲基蓝（MB）吸附效果的影响.并对吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行拟合.结果表明：M-T-GO对离子型染料的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式和拟二级反应动力学描述.M-T-GO对TY和MB具有较好的吸附性能,饱和吸附量分别为157.23mg/g和169.49mg/g.与GO相比,M-T-GO对离子型染料的吸附效果更优异,同时具有快速分离和易再生的优点.     

常介孔型磁性离子交换树脂的制备及其效能——针对典型藻源含氮有机物

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为单体,利用单体聚合法制备了介孔型磁性离子交换树脂(m-MIER),并在表征其基本性状的基础上,初步分析了其对典型藻源含氮有机物(藻蓝蛋白、氨基酸)的去除效能.为便于比较,研究过程中同步进行了磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX^®)的研究.研究结果表明,m-MIER是以氯为交换基团的介孔型材料,其孔径为2~60nm;与MIEX^®相比,m-MIER具有相似的湿视密度、粒径,更丰富的孔隙结构、更大的交换容量(1.15g/cm³, 150~200 μm, 0.1852cm³/g, 3.16mmol/g Vs 1.20g/cm³, 150~180 μm, 0.0184cm³/g, 2.23mmol/g);XPS图谱分析结果表明其内核成分主要为Fe₃O₄,且为季胺型阴离子交换树脂.针对藻源含氮有机物的去除结果表明,m-MIER对藻蓝蛋白、特定氨基酸的去除效果明显优于MIEX^®,且去除效果与氨基酸的种类显著相关.     

典型污灌区土壤中Cd的形态、有效性及其影响因子

采集了北京、山东、天津、河北及辽宁5个典型污灌区土壤,外源添加1.20mg/kg 的Cd,经过30d老化后,研究了不同污灌区土壤中小麦Cd的吸收、转运系数,同时利用离子色谱及WHAM6.0模型对污灌区土壤溶液性质及自由Cd²⁺形态等进行了测定.结果表明,不同污灌区土壤中,小麦根、茎叶对Cd的富集系数（BCF）与植株体内Cd的根-茎叶转运系数（TF）有显著差异;二种不同Cd敏感性小麦茎叶对土壤Cd的富集系数为0.064~0.465,最大相差626.5%,不同污灌区土壤Cd的富集系数大小表现为辽宁棕壤最大,山东棕壤最小;植株根-茎叶Cd转运系数（TF）表现为河北褐土>辽宁棕壤~北京潮土>天津潮土>山东棕壤.不同污灌区土壤中,自由Cd²⁺形态含量与Cd植物有效性呈显著正相关;植株根、茎叶中Cd含量与土壤中自由Cd离子含量的负对数[p（Cd²⁺）]呈显著（P<0.001）的负相关关系,方程分别为：y=-3.3106x+17.681（R²=0.929）;y=-0.3389x+1.7743（R²=0.916）.外源添加1.20mg/kg Cd土壤中,溶液自由Cd²⁺形态的变化值[△p（Cd²⁺）]与pH值、EC含量呈正相关,而与溶液中Cl^-、Na⁺、Ca²⁺含量呈负相关.由此可以推断,由污灌引起的土壤中Cl^-、Na⁺、Ca²⁺等离子含量的增加将导致土壤中Cd环境风险增大.     

Modeling of adsorption isotherms and kinetics of uranium sorption by magnetic ion imprinted polymers

Application of magnetic U(VI) ion imprinted polymers (IIPs) coated on magnetic nanoparticles was investigated for pre-concentration and determination of U(VI) ions in aqueous solutions. The scanning electron micrographs revealed the microporosity of the adsorbent. Uranium leaching was successful as the energy-dispersive X-ray spectra showed. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area improved by more than 13-fold (83.1 and 6.2 m² g^?1 for the leached and unleached magnetic IIP, respectively). U(VI) uptake was optimized using batch experiments with parameters affecting the uptake performance, such as initial uranium concentration, pH, contact time, and adsorbent dose investigated. Pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity of uranium onto the activated magnetic IIP reached 5.4 mg g^?1. The selectivity order was determined to be U(VI) > Ni(II) > Th(IV).