英国联合利华公司的兼并策略研究

当前,国内外市场正掀起公司整合、兼并的浪潮,针对英国联合利华公司的战略动机和兼并对公司的潜在影响。运用竞争态势分析（SWOT）方法．从六个方面分析了联合利华公司两个成功案例。结合管理模式和国家文化的差异。关注社会文化与“战略性文化适应”。对联合利华最近5年来的成长战略和Best Foods公司战略核心要素进行了分析。评价了联合利华的战略发展和将来的战略发展方向。指出联合利华品牌减少战略体现出核心竞争,加强个人护理产品的生产．保持持续发展和竞争优势．以期达到相当的经济规模．是值得借鉴的成功经验。     

Quantifying progress toward a conservation assessment for all plants

The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) set an ambitious target to achieve a conservation assessment for all known plant species by 2020. We consolidated digitally available plant conservation assessments and reconciled their scientific names and assessment status to predefined standards to provide a quantitative measure of progress toward this target. The 241,919 plant conservation assessments generated represent 111,824 accepted land plant species (vascular plants and bryophytes, not algae). At least 73,081 and up to 90,321 species have been assessed at the global scale, representing 21–26% of known plant species. Of these plant species, at least 27,148 and up to 32,542 are threatened. Eighty plant families, including some of the largest, such as Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, and Rubiaceae, are underassessed and should be the focus of assessment effort if the GSPC target is to be met by 2020. Our data set is accessible online (ThreatSearch) and is a baseline that can be used to directly support other GSPC targets and plant conservation action. Although around one‐quarter of a million plant assessments have been compiled, the majority of plants are still unassessed. The challenge now is to build on this progress and redouble efforts to document conservation status of unassessed plants to better inform conservation decisions and conserve the most threatened species.     

江苏省节能减排战略研究

江苏省近年经济稳步增长,人民生活水平不断提高,但经济增长的代价是随之增长的能源消耗,导致对资源需求持续增加,对环境的不利影响日益突出,给节能减排工作造成了沉重的压力。在此对江苏省2000年～2006年社会经济发展与节能减排的耦合关系进行了全面分析．重点分析了江苏省经济总量和产业结构与能源消耗和“三废”排放的关联;总结了江苏省的能耗特点和节能减排工作中存在的问题;并根据江苏省千家企业和百家企业的分布以及不同行业“三废”排放量等指标,明确了节能减排工作的区域与行业重点,提出了江苏省的节能减排战略。     

幼儿环境教育实施策略的探讨

开展幼儿环境教育实践的目的是让幼儿成为环境的主人,引导他们自主地欣赏,观察日常生活中具体的环境要素和环境问题,使他们懂得我们周围的环境与人类的一切活动息息相关,并使幼儿逐步养成与环境友善的行为习惯。     

重庆市酸雨成因及控制对策

重庆是我国酸雨最严重的地区之一 ,本文分析了重庆市酸雨现状及污染特征 ,指出重庆特殊的气象条件和能源结构是酸雨形成的最主要原因。比照国家对酸控区的紧迫要求 ,重庆市在酸雨控制上差距甚大。基于此 ,本文提出了重庆酸雨控制“高低结合、总量控制”的战略 ,和以优化产业结构为前导、以调整能源生产与消费结构为核心 ,以控制低空面源与高架点源为重点的酸雨控制方案。     

Measurement and assessment of carrying capacity of the environment in Ningbo, China

Carrying Capacity of the Environment (CCE) provides a useful measure of the sustainable development of a region. Approaches that use integrated assessment instead of measurement can lead to misinterpretation of sustainable development because of confusion between Environmental Stress (ES) indexes and CCE indexes, and the selection of over-simple linear plus models. The present paper proposes a comprehensive measurement system for CCE which comprises models of natural resources capacity, environmental assimilative capacity, ecosystem services capacity, and society supporting capacity. The corresponding measurable indexes are designed to assess CCE using a carrying capacity surplus ratio model and a vector of surplus ratio of carrying capacity model. The former aims at direct comparison of ES and CCE based on the values of basic indexes, and the latter uses a Euclidean vector to assess CCE states. The measurement and assessment approaches are applicable to Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and environmental planning and management. A case study is presented for Ningbo, China, whereby all the basic indexes of ECC are measured and the CCE states assessed for 2005 and 2010.     

可持续发展理论研究的进展

本文通过大量的文献分析,探讨了可持续发展理论研究的进展,包括可持续发展的定义、可持续发展战略以及可持续发展的理论内涵。     

Melanin-based colorations signal strategies to cope with poor and rich environments

One hypothesis for the maintenance of genetic variation states that alternative genotypes are adapted to different environmental conditions (i.e., genotype-by-environment interaction G×E) that vary in space and time. Although G×E has been demonstrated for morphological traits, little evidence has been given whether these G×E are associated with traits used as signal in mate choice. In three wild bird species, we investigated whether the degree of melanin-based coloration, a heritable trait, covaries with nestling growth rate in rich and poor environments. Variation in the degree of reddish-brown phaeomelanism is pronounced in the barn owl (Tyto alba) and tawny owl (Strix aluco), and variation in black eumelanism in the barn owl and Alpine swift (Apus melba). Melanin-based coloration has been shown to be a criterion in mate choice in the barn owl. We cross-fostered hatchlings to test whether nestlings sired by parents displaying melanin-based colorations to different extent exhibit alternative growth trajectories when raised by foster parents in poor (experimentally enlarged broods) and rich (experimentally reduced broods) environments. With respect to phaeomelanism, barn owl and tawny owl offspring sired by redder parents grew more rapidly in body mass only in experimentally reduced broods. With respect to eumelanism, Alpine swift offspring of darker fathers grew their wings more rapidly only in experimentally enlarged broods, a difference that was not detected in reduced broods. These interactions between parental melanism and offspring growth rate indicate that individuals display substantial plasticity in response to the rearing environment which is associated with the degree of melanism: at least with respect to nestling growth, phaeomelanic and eumelanic individuals are best adapted to rich and poor environments, respectively. It now remains to be investigated why eumelanism and phaeomelanism have a different signaling function and what the lifelong consequences of these melanism-dependent allocation strategies are. This is important to fully appraise the role played by environmental heterogeneity in maintaining variation in the degree of melanin-based coloration.     

东北地区畜禽养殖业污染物总量减排对策分析

论述了东北地区畜禽养殖业的污染现状,针对东北地区畜禽养殖业污染物总量减排的需要,从政策引导、清洁生产和全过程控污等方面提出了相应的污染物总量减排对策,并推荐合理可行和适合当地实际情况的畜禽养殖废物综合处理与资源化利用技术,为环保和农业部门的畜禽养殖业污染物总量减排工作提供一定参考。     

重庆三峡库区主要生态环境问题与对策

三峡水电站建成后，制约重庆经济可持续发展的关系是生态环境问题，包括三峡库区的水体污染，水土流失与泥沙问题，灾害性地质环境问题，建议建立三峡库区生态环境委员会，实行在市长领导下的环境保护行政领导责任制依法治库，加强生态环境意识教育，建立生态环境保护基金等。