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841.
采用上流式固定床反应器,在常温下连续运行,考察MnO2对海洋性ANAMMOX菌富集培养的影响,其中接种的海洋海底沉积物采自大连市附近海域。结果表明,在反应器运行近150 d中,加入MnO2的R1反应器的最大总氮去除速率为137.82 g N/(m3·d),比没有加入MnO2的R2反应器高出近20 g N/(m3·d)。在低温环境(10~15℃)运行时,R1反应器的氨氮和亚硝氮去除率比R2反应器均高出10%,且R1反应器对温度变化的适应性和运行稳定性都好于R2反应器。这表明MnO2的加入确实在一定程度上促进了海洋性ANAMMOX细菌的富集,并增强了ANAMMOX反应器对温度变化的适应性,使其能够在较宽的温度范围下运行。 相似文献
842.
The air temperature distributions in August (summer) and December (winter) were measured in an approximately 15 × 15-km urban
area in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, in order to study the spatial distribution of the air temperature and to propose effective
measures against the heat island phenomenon. The air temperature was measured mainly by using thermometer shelters installed
in an elementary school and a junior high school. The characteristic air temperature distribution depended on the season.
The air temperature was higher inland than in the coastal region in August but was higher in the coastal region in December.
The air temperature index indicated that the area where higher air temperatures would most likely appear was 5 to 10 km inland
from the coast in August and around the coast in December. The seasonal air temperature distribution was presumably due to
the strength of solar radiation and anthropogenic exhaust heat. 相似文献
843.
Native trout species, such as the redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), occupy thermally harsh stream habitats in hot, arid rangeland basins of the western United States. Declines in the distribution
and abundance of these species has generated interest in understanding how these cold water species survive in these systems,
as well as in identifying opportunities to restore these species to their former ranges. The purpose of this study was to
assess the potential for thermal stratification to provide thermal refuge for redband trout in stream pools characterized
by warm intermittent flow conditions on arid rangelands. We studied vertical thermal stratification in two pools during three
summers on Boles Creek located on the Modoc Plateau in extreme northeastern California. Water and air temperature data were
collected on a 0.5 h time step from 15-Jun through 15-Sep during 1996, 1997, and 2000 using commercial temperature data-loggers.
Water temperature was measured at the top (0.3 m below pool surface) and bottom (0.3 m above pool substrates) of each pool.
Vertical thermal stratification occurred within these pools creating conditions as much as 7.6 ˚C cooler and consistently
more constant at the bottom of pools compared to pool surface waters. Thermal stratification was dependent upon air temperature
with the magnitude of stratification increasing as air temperature increased. The magnitude of thermal stratification varied
significantly from year to year, likely reflecting variation in annual weather conditions. The thermal regime in the study
pools was often near the upper lethal limit reported for redband trout, but temperatures at the bottom of these pools did
offer refuge from lethal temperatures realized near the pool surface. Temperatures at pool bottom were consistently above
optimal levels published for redbands. 相似文献
844.
845.
基于BOTDR技术的隧道衬砌应变测量温度补偿实例分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
应变数据的温度补偿一直是光纤应变传感技术(如BOTDR)应用于实际工程的主要障碍,虽然目前有了不少理论方法试图解决这个问题,但实际运用起来却效果不佳。本文通过对云南白泥井3号隧道光纤应变监测项目的实例分析,提出了一种新的BOTDR温度补偿方法。应用该方法对白泥井3号隧道进行的温度场分析表明,隧道内空气温度场的温度变化明显要大于隧道结构温度场,而在总体的温度变化趋势上,它们都同当地的气候条件保持一致。 相似文献
846.
介绍了影响滤简称量恒重的原因,指出空气湿度、冷却时间和烘干时间等对滤简称量恒重都有影响。提出使用标准空白滤筒、在平衡室中冷却、称量滤筒、并采用专用滤简盒和刚玉滤筒采样减小系统误差。 相似文献
847.
848.
基于Landsat-8数据和劈窗算法的地表温度反演及城市热岛效应研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
陆地表面温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)是地表能量平衡组分中的一个重要参数。随着卫星遥感技术的快速发展,遥感反演成为获取区域LST的一个重要手段。目前已有学者提出多种基于遥感数据反演LST的算法,其中劈窗算法被证明是一种精度较高的算法。基于Landsat-8卫星30 m空间分辨率的陆地成像仪(OLI)数据和100 m分辨率的热红外传感器(TIRS)数据,采用劈窗算法计算了无锡地区的LST,并采用地面实测水温数据和同步的MODIS温度产品对Landsat-8的计算结果进行了验证和对比分析。结果表明:基于Landsat-8数据和劈窗算法获取的LST精度较高,误差1K。在计算的LST结果基础上,进一步提取了热场变异指数来分析城市热岛空间分布特征,给出了城市热岛效应的定量化描述,并就不同地表覆盖类型对热岛效应的影响进行了分析。 相似文献
849.
A. Joyce J. Adamson B. Huntley T. Parr R. Baxter 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,68(2):127-136
Daily mean, maximum and minimum surface airtemperature data were gathered from a network ofautomatic weather stations (AWS) within the Moor HouseNational Nature Reserve in northern England. Five AWSwere installed next to the official EnvironmentalChange Network weather station at Moor House. Datawere compared graphically and correction constantswere calculated to adjust data from each AWS to thestandard of the official station by optimising theconcordance correlation coefficient. Each correctedstation was re-located next to one of five in-situstations in and around the reserve, allowingcorrection of all temperature sensors to a commonstandard. The mean error associated with measureddaily mean, maximum and minimum temperature for eachsensor does not exceed ±0.2 K. The procedurequantifies a source of systematic measurement error,improving the identification of spatial temperaturedifferences between stations. 相似文献
850.
Wang L Brenden T Seelbach P Cooper A Allan D Clark R Wiley M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):1-17
Identification of reference streams and human disturbance gradients are crucial steps in assessing the effects of human disturbances
on stream health. We describe a process for identifying reference stream reaches and assessing disturbance gradients using
readily available, geo-referenced stream and human disturbance databases. We demonstrate the utility of this process by applying
it to wadeable streams in Michigan, USA, and use it to identify which human disturbances have the greatest impact on streams.
Approximately 38% of cold-water and 16% of warm-water streams in Michigan were identified as being in least-disturbed condition.
Conversely, approximately 3% of cold-water and 4% of warm-water streams were moderately to severely disturbed by landscape
human disturbances. Anthropogenic disturbances that had the greatest impact on moderately to severely disturbed streams were
nutrient loading and percent urban land use within network watersheds. Our process for assessing stream health represents
a significant advantage over other routinely used methods. It uses inter-confluence stream reaches as an assessment unit,
permits the evaluation of stream health across large regions, and yields an overall disturbance index that is a weighted sum
of multiple disturbance factors. The robustness of our approach is linked to the scale of disturbances that affect a stream;
it will be less robust for identifying less degraded or reference streams with localized human disturbances. With improved
availability of high-resolution disturbance datasets, this approach will provide a more complete picture of reference stream
reaches and factors contributing to degradation of stream health. 相似文献