Sustainability Capacity Building Based on Educational Method： A Case Study on China and Sweden Joint Program

Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development （EE＆ESD） have been widely accepted as an effective educational method to contribute to capacity development and processes of change in developing countries. This paper takes SIDA supported EE＆ESD in formal educationadvanced international training program, China as an example. By analyzing and reflecting its orientation, implementation, outcomes and evaluation, experiences and lessons learned are expected to help improve the sorts of international cooperation capacity building programs both from international and also Chinese perspectives.     

增强富拉尔基区可持续发展能力投入机制的研究

本文在富拉尔基区可持续发展能力分析的基础上,提出了投入机制。     

基于节能环保视域下的企业技术创新

以建设资源节约型企业为出发点,就企业如何在节能环保的视野下实施技术创新,分析企业实施技术创新的影响因素以及应采取的对策,从而实现企业的可持续发展,达到企业与社会的双赢。     

The science and politics of co-benefits in climate policy

The co-benefits concept implies a ‘win–win’ strategy to address two or more goals with a single policy measure. There is much scholarly and policy attention paid to this concept as a way to avoid making trade-offs between developmental and environmental issues. However, there is no review paper that reviews the nature, evolution, strengths and limits of the co-benefits concept in relation to climate change. Hence, this review article addresses the question: What does the literature tell us about the definition, application and use of the co-benefits concept? Using a literature review approach, this article explains the evolution of the co-benefits concept and its strengths and weaknesses. We conclude that while the concept has tremendous advocacy potential in dealing with the problem that the costs and benefits of climate policy are temporally and spatially not aligned, its de facto potential is limited as mostly economists have engaged with this concept, and there is little trans-disciplinary work undertaken that also looks at the politics and institutional aspects of co-benefits. The article thus provides an impetus to rethink current approaches to studying co-benefits and points to the need for inter- and trans-disciplinary research drawing on economic, political and social sciences.     

试论可持续发展的理论与应用

本文阐述了可持续发展理论的形成背景和涵义。文中依据翔实的资料分析了国情，提出了我国社会经济走可持续发展道路应采取的措施。     

Long-term perspectives on world metal use—a system-dynamics model

In this paper, a system dynamics model is described, which simulates long-term trends in the production and consumption of metals (i.e. iron/steel and an aggregate of metals of medium abundance) in relation to impacts such as ore-grade decline, capital and energy requirements and waste flows. This metal model can be of assistance in exploring the issue of sustainability of metal resource use. Application of the model to historical trends shows it to be fairly capable of reproducing the long-term trends in the 1900–1990 period, among others on the basis of two intensity of use curves applied to 13 world regions. For future trends, a set of perspective-based long-term scenarios has been constructed that represent the major paradigms in resource use. These scenarios highlight some of the uncertain factors in the relation between economic growth, metal resource exploitation and use, and energy and environmental consequences. They also indicate that apparently similar metal flows in society may be the result of quite different and sometimes contrary assumptions on metal demand, production patterns and resource base characteristics. Such analyses contribute to a more open and transparent discussion on the issue at hand by adding quantitative explications to qualitative views.     

Estimation of the recycled content of an existing construction project

The Government's Sustainable Buildings Task Group recently recommended a benchmark requirement for a minimum 10% of reused/reclaimed or recycled content (by material value) in construction projects. The benchmark would be implemented through Building Regulations and public sector procurement. This paper presents the findings of a pilot study to inform decision-making on the feasibility of setting and meeting such a requirement.The project involved determining current levels of recycled content in Defence Estates’ standard design for modern barracks accommodation, and quantifying the scope to increase this content. The existing designs for the new barracks were found to use nearly 20% recycled and recovered materials. The project identified opportunities to increase this proportion to nearly 25% with no increase in cost or risk.     

Optimal planning for the sustainable utilization of municipal solid waste

The increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major problem particularly for large urban areas with insufficient landfill capacities and inefficient waste management systems. Several options associated to the supply chain for implementing a MSW management system are available, however to determine the optimal solution several technical, economic, environmental and social aspects must be considered. Therefore, this paper proposes a mathematical programming model for the optimal planning of the supply chain associated to the MSW management system to maximize the economic benefit while accounting for technical and environmental issues. The optimization model simultaneously selects the processing technologies and their location, the distribution of wastes from cities as well as the distribution of products to markets. The problem was formulated as a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programing problem to maximize the profit of the supply chain and the amount of recycled wastes, where the results are showed through Pareto curves that tradeoff economic and environmental aspects. The proposed approach is applied to a case study for the west-central part of Mexico to consider the integration of MSW from several cities to yield useful products. The results show that an integrated utilization of MSW can provide economic, environmental and social benefits.     

待开发区域的主导产业选择思路研究——以营口经济技术开发区为例

从区域经济发展的角度出发,系统研究待开发区域主导产业选择的基本思路.依据主导产业选择原则(发展基础原则、战略分工原则、区域适宜性原则),通过比较研究确定区域发展的产业方向,构建区域主导产业选择的指标体系,采用AHP分析方法对指标进行衡量,最终得出主导产业推荐方案.同时,对营口经济技术开发区进行实证研究,运用上述方法选择适合该区域发展的产业为:港口物流业、冶金钢材业、输变电设备制造业、重型装备制造业、电子信息业和休闲旅游业.本研究为我国待开发区域的主导产业选择提供了一种新思路,其实证分析结果也为营口经济技术开发区的主导产业选择提供了科学依据.     

A mixed Bentham–Rawls criterion for intergenerational equity: Theory and implications

This paper proposes a welfare criterion that balances the need for development and the concern for the least advantaged generations, and explores its implications. This criterion, called the mixed Bentham–Rawls criterion, moderates the effect of discounting, yet permits some degree of intertemporal trade-off. It is a weighted average of two terms: (a) the sum of discounted utilities and (b) the utility level of the least advantaged generation. We derive necessary conditions to characterize growth paths that satisfy our criterion, and show that in some models with familiar dynamic specifications, an optimal path exists and displays appealing characteristics.