Gold mining in Australia: linking historical trends and environmental and resource sustainability

The mining of gold has been and continues to be an important aspect of Australian industry. Gold mining moved quickly from fossicking and alluvial sources in the 1850's to hard rock mining. This paper presents, arguably for the first time, a detailed historical compilation of Australian gold mining production data. This data is then analysed in the context of sustainability, focussing particularly on mineral resource sustainability and the broader aspects of environmental impacts now commonly reported by some mining companies in annual sustainability performance reports. The key trends which are demonstrated by the data include a long-term decline in ore grade, increased open cut mining, substantive increases in tailings and waste rock production, as well as showing the impact of new technologies and economics on available gold resources. The available environmental data on material and energy inputs to and pollutant emissions from gold production is also presented, showing a clear sensitivity to ore grade. In terms of sustainability, these relationships raise significant issues such as increasing greenhouse footprint per unit gold produced, potential impacts on energy and water consumption, as well as overall gold resource sustainability. The paper presents a unique case study of the resource and environmental sustainability of the Australian gold mining sector with major implications for sustainability policy and reporting.     

福建省小城镇发展中的环境问题

阐述 了小城镇建设中的环境问题，提出了小城镇建设中的环境保护对策。     

江西井冈山甜槠群落特征及物种多样性

井冈山自然保护区地处中亚热带的东部，以甜槠等为建群种的常绿阔叶林是井冈山的主要地带性植被。通过对甜槠群落进行分析研究，充分认识其群落学特征和物种多样性，为该植物群落多样性保护与持续利用提供科学依据。     

长乐市生态建设体系构想

分析了长乐市建设国家级生态城市的紧迫性、必要性和可行性，为实现长乐生态效益型经济可持续发展战略选择提供参考。     

HBY—3—100型自动油水分离器在污水处理上的应用

ＨＢＹ－３－１００型自动油水分离器在乙烯加氢装置的应用，解决了原有隔油池收油不好，油气散发污染环境危害安全等隐串。经过１年多的运转证明效果良好，所收的油当年可回收人武部投资。环境效益、社会效益和经济和均起到较好的效果。     

宁波市水资源可持续利用的经济分析

随着经济社会的快速发展,宁波水资源短缺矛盾日益突出,通过对宁波市历年的水价、人均用水量、人均可支配收入的变化的分析可以看出水价与用水量的关系,重点探讨了引进市场机制,建立水权转让制度,改革水资源价格和水资源的开发管理方式,实行水资源的有偿使用和转让,优化配置水资源,提高水资源的使用效率和效益,以水资源的可持续利用支撑经济和社会的可持续发展.     

区域经济一体化进程中环境与资源管理的制度创新

从制度经济学角度出发 ,分析了中国区域环境与资源面临的主要问题及在推进区域经济一体化的过程中如何实现制度创新 ,以建立一个高效、系统、完善的环境与资源制度体系     

江西省实现可持续发展面临的生态环境问题及对策

阐述了江西省经济发展引起的环境污染及生态破坏状况，系统研究了对环境造成污染及生态破坏的主要因素，以及制约经济发展的环境因素，提出了实现经济可持续发展的环境对策。     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.     

综合利用工农业废弃物开发新能源和可再生能源

现有能源的开发利用对人类环境造成多种污染和能源的枯竭,而生物质能作为一项低碳能源技术已受到广泛重视.因此,充分利用工农业废弃物,开发新能源和可再生能源是一条非常有前景的路子