CDM potential of SPV lighting systems in India

In view of the increasing interest in the development and dissemination of technologies for harnessing new and renewable sources of energy in India, there have also been some efforts towards their use in the domestic lighting sector. However, the cumulative number of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) lighting systems such as SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems in India is far below their theoretical potential despite government subsidy programmes. One of the major barriers is the high capital investment in these systems. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) provides industrialized countries with an incentive to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries to achieve a reduction in CO₂ emissions at lowest cost that also promotes sustainable development in the host country. SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems could be of interest under the CDM because they directly displace greenhouse gas emissions while contributing to sustainable rural development. However, only two SPV projects have been submitted under the CDM so far. This study assesses the maximum theoretical as well as the realistically achievable CDM potential of SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems in India. The SPV lantern project is financially viable at a certified emissions reductions (CER) price of 34 € whereas the solar home lighting project is financially viable at a CER price of 46 €. While the maximum mitigation volume is about 35 million tonne CO₂ on an annual basis, an estimate of achievable CER levels is done using the past diffusion trends of SPV systems. We find that annual CER volumes could reach 0.8 to 2.4 million by 2012 and 5.6 to 13.6 million by 2020. This would require that the government sets the subsidy level for SPV lighting systems at a level that allows them to become viable with the CER revenue. From a macro-economic point of view this makes sense if the sustainability benefits are deemed sufficiently high to warrant promotion of this type of project.

Ten years of international scientific cooperation in fisheries,aquaculture and coastal zones: some preliminary lessons

The paper examines preliminary experiences with international scientific cooperation in fisheries, aquaculture and coastal zone issues through 90 projects in successive European Research Framework Programmes (FP4–FP6: 1994–2006). FPs had increasingly ambitious objectives in response to international commitments, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Millennium Development Goals, the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and dialogue with partner regions. Sustainable aquatic food production in the context of respect for ecosystems was a central concern. Engagement with different social actors and attention to investment in education, people and institutions enabled uptake of research results in education, innovation and some impact. The emphasis in several recent projects on more integrated analyses and knowledge products in the public domain is an encouraging response to the growing crisis of aquatic resource systems. It is suggested that significant up-scaling will be required. This might be done through institutional internalisation and better translation of research results into policy developments supportive of transitions towards sustainable production systems and ecosystem rehabilitation. Capacity building to use research in novel ways and other enabling mechanisms need to be put in place to increase societal and environmental benefits of the research.

中国重点城市空气污染预报及其进展

为更好地反映大气环境污染变化趋势,加大环境污染控制力度,预防严重污染事件发生,开展城市空气质量报告及空气污染预报工作是十分必要的。文章概括地论述了开展此项研究的目的、意义、基本方法及其进展。     

环境与经济协调发展理论研究进展

简述了协调发展的内涵及其定量化研究概况，综述了协调发展相关理论－可持续发展，环境承载力，生态经济规划等的研究进展，并指出了协调发展理论的研究趋势。     

关于省级生态环境监测机构发展规划的思考

在剖析新形势下生态环境监测发展形势需求的基础上,分析了生态环境监测机构发展在精准支撑环境管理、提升监测科研创新驱动力和建设高水平人才队伍等方面存在的问题。提出了以支撑、服务、引领生态环境决策管理为导向,深化制度建设、强化人才队伍、加强科研创新、夯实基础能力、打造特色亮点,全面提升核心竞争力的省级生态环境监测机构发展规划思路,以及环境监测预警能力建设、科研创新发展、人才队伍建设、体制机制建设等方面建设任务。为实现生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化,全面改善生态环境质量提供有力支撑。     

《伦敦市长空气质量战略》与可持续改善城市空气质量

简单介绍伦敦市长空气质量战略的内容,从中借鉴出我国城市空气质量可持续改善的经验与措施:推行清洁汽车行动与清洁能源行动,大力发展城市公共交通。     

战略环境影响评价与可持续发展的关系研究

概述了战略环境影响评价产生的原因，概念及可持发展的内涵和指标体系，分析了两者的相互关系，强调了战略环境影响评价是达到可持发展的中心环节及可持续发展对战略环境影响评价的指导作用。     

可持续发展指标和指标体系研究现状述评：兼论中国可持续发展指标构建

从认识和方法论的角度将国内外已有的可持续发展指标（体系）分为应用经济学方法、生态学方法和统计学方法三大类，并分别加以评述。从面向用户、政策相关性、综合及定量化，可评价性四个方面评述各种指标的特征。在此基础上提出中国可持续发展指标的构建设想。．     

环境意识与可持续发展

从可持续发展的角度认识和探讨了环境意识概念及环境意识的重要特点,阐述了环境意识和可持续发展之间的关系。提出了提高全民族的环境意识水平,加强环境保护,是实现可持续发展战略的关键所在,也是当今社会的迫切需要。     

农村能源建设与持续农业

农村能源建设滞后制约着经济的发展，尤其是高效而稳定的持续农业的发展。本文从以沼气为纽带的生态农业出发，论述了农村能源建设是实现持续农业的重要前提，对农村整体具有经济，社会，生态效益。