Evaluation of the sustainability of swine manure fertilization in orchard through Ecological Footprint Analysis: results from a case study in Italy

Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA) is an environmental accounting system, in physical unit, able to quantify the total amount of ecosystem resources required by a region or by a production process. This methodology is both scientifically robust and widely diffused for territorial and productive analysis. The application of EFA to agricultural systems are still uncommon and examples in the fruit sector rare.In this work a detailed application of EFA to an experimental trial in a commercial nectarine orchard in Piedmont (Italy) is presented. The field trial is focused on the evaluation of agronomical benefit of various kinds of swine manure for fertilizing orchards. Four productive systems were established from 2008: liquid slurry (LS), covered slurry (CS), solid fraction (SF), mineral nutrition (MN). All the environmental impacts of the four systems were quantified both directly on field and with extrapolations from farmer knowledge. As previous studies suggested, we considered not only the one-year field operations, but also the whole lifetime of the orchard. The environmental costs of each system are presented and related to each other on the basis of their relative footprint value.Results highlight almost the same ecological footprint for the three manure fertilized systems (LS, CS and SF) with average of 0.96 gha t⁻¹) and the highest ecological footprint can be found in the MN system (1.14 gha t⁻¹). Interesting remarks can be done comparing the contributions to the ecological footprint of the field operations related to fertilization in the four systems. In the manure fertilized systems the fertilizer contribution goes from 0.9% to 1.2% of the total ecological footprint; but in the MN system the fertilizer contribution is 6.6% of the total ecological footprint. Results support the hypothesis that internal recycle and connections among different systems increasingly resulted in high system benefit and sustainability.     

污水除磷技术的研究与发展

介绍了废水除磷技术的常用方法,并阐述了工艺发展现状及污水除磷技术的最新发展动向.提出以反硝化除磷教术为基础的双污泥工艺是一种很有前景的处理工艺,磷的回收利用是除磷技术发展的必然趋势.以实现可持续发展的除磷技术为目的,并对今后的研究方向作出展望.     

环境质量改善对沈阳市经济发展的促进作用

在论述沈阳市“十一五”期间的空气、地表水、声环境质量改善情况的基础上,以沈阳市经济发展为研究对象,从对外贸易、旅游业、房地产业3个方面,分析了环境质量改善对沈阳市经济发展的促进作用,以期为城市环境保护与经济发展相关研究提供参考.     

完善我国环保绿色税收的几点思考

随着我国经济的快速增长,经济增长与资源、环境间的矛盾越来越突出,不合理的经济增长方式使我国生态环境遭到巨大破坏,环境污染问题日益严重,生存和发展受到严重威胁。文章从可持续发展与绿色税收、环境保护措施比较分析、国外绿色税收立法实践、我国税收现状评析和完善绿色税收政策的设想等几个方面来探讨绿色税收法律制度的构建问题。     

Understanding adolescent development: implications for driving safety

PROBLEM: The implementation of Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs has significantly improved the crash and fatality rates of novice teen drivers, but these rates remain unacceptably high. METHOD: A review of adolescent development research was undertaken to identify potential areas of improvement. RESULTS: Research support for GDL was found to be strong, particularly regarding early acquisition of expertise in driving safety (beyond driving skill), and to limitations that reduce opportunities for distraction. GDL regimes are highly variable, and no US jurisdictions have implemented optimal regimes. SUMMARY: Expanding and improving GDL to enhance acquisition of expertise and self-regulation are indicated for implementation and for applied research. Driver training that effectively incorporates safety goals along with driving skill is another target. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The insurance industry will benefit from further GDL enhancements. Benefits may accrue to improved driver training, improved simulation devices during training, and automated safety feedback instrumentation.     

贵州清洁发展机制开发的障碍与对策建议

为了使贵州省的清洁发展机制（CDM）项目更好、更快地发展,以服务于国家的减排目标,从煤层气开发利用、小水电、生物型替代燃料等几个方面,对贵州清洁发展机制的现状与存在的主要问题进行了剖析,然后结合我省的实际情况提出了相应的对策建议。     

关于我国“循环经济发展模式”的探讨

我国目前处于经济飞速发展时期,加之我国幅员辽阔、人口众多、社会生产力尚不发达以及农村城市经济水平不均衡等众多特殊因素的存在,导致我国现阶段存在较为严重的能源和环境问题,为实现我国的可持续发展、建设循环经济,在借鉴世界发达国家的相关经验的同时,应努力寻求符合我国国情的循环型经济的发展模式。     

浅谈丹东市县域经济如何实现可持续发展战略

分析丹东市县域经济走可持续发展道路的重要性和必要性,根据实际情况,提出丹东市县域经济实现可持续发展战略的途径。     

清洁发展机制对我国节能减排的作用

清洁发展机制（CDM）是《京都议定书》发达国家和发展中国家就减排温室气体进行交易的合作机制。我国“十一五”规划《纲要》提出了节能减排的目标,而我国还是一个发展中国家,要实现节能减排面临很多的困难。CDM项目大部分是与提高能效和开发利用新能源直接有关,因此,CDM能为此提供一定的推动力,能够促进我国的节能减排。文章分析了当前我国节能减排面临的困难,探讨了CDM在我国节能减排所起的作用,提出我国对积极开发CDM项目应采取的相应对策。     

浅谈参与清洁发展机制的意义

清洁发展机制,是《京都议定书》中引入的三个灵活履约机制之一。由于发达国家减排温室气体的成本是发展中国家的几倍甚至几十倍。发达国家因此通过在发展中国家实施具有温室气体减排效果的项目,把项目所产生的温室气体减少的排放量作为履行《京都议定书》所规定的一部分义务。对清洁生产机制的理论和意义进行了简要的阐述和说明。