西北地区生态环境与可持续发展关系的实证研究

以研究西北地区的生态环境可持续发展为中心,采用实证研究,根据西北地区生态环境现状,对西北地区的资源条件进行分析。利用协调度,评估西北地区的可持续发展程度,指出以生态建设为中心的可持续发展战略在西北地区建设中的重要性,提出改善西北地区生态环境、实现可持续发展的建议与具体设想。     

吴江市社会经济发展对苏沪跨界水环境产生的影响研究

吴江市位于江苏省东南部,水资源极其丰富,随着吴江市社会经济的发展,在创造了工业产值上千亿的辉煌经济成就的同时,水污染问题严重、跨界水环境纠纷频发成了制约其社会经济可持续发展的瓶颈,本文通过对吴江市跨界水系情况的梳理,水质现状的分析,结合吴江市第一次全国污染源普查的相关数据,查找出其水质恶化的根源,从而对症的提出水环境管理策略。     

危险废物等离子体处置技术装备的国产化研究与开发

结合我国危险废物集中处置设施建设的技术现状,对现行焚烧、安全填埋为主体工艺的处置技术体系和等离子体处置技术的特点、处置应用适应性等进行了分析。提出应大力研究开发危险废物等离子体处置国产化技术装备,逐步建立焚烧、等离子体处置、安全填埋3种主体工艺共存并相互匹配、补充的技术体系,并对研发的关键技术、实施措施及组织形式等进行了分析阐述,为开展我国危险废物处置工艺升级的技术装备研究开发提供借鉴。     

Smart chemical industry parks in China: Current status,challenges, and pathways for future sustainable development

The chemical industry has been pivotal to the rapid economic expansion and high standards of living in China. As an important carrier of the chemical industry, China has designated as many as 723 chemical industrial parks (CIPs). Unfortunately, safety concerns have become an obstacle to the sustainability of China's CIPs. Ever since the two devastating hazardous chemical accidents, namely “Tianjin Port 8·12 Explosion” and “Jiangsu 3·21 Explosion,” which occurred in 2015 and 2019 respectively, China has prioritized the safety of CIPs. The smart chemical industrial parks (SCIPs) are considered the optimal strategies toward the goal of sustainable development in China's CIPs. However, there has been a lack of research and subsequent discussion on the role of SCIPs in the forthcoming years. The period between 2020 and 2025 is considered a crucial period for the future development of CIPs and SCIPs in China mainly because the country has released a series of important government documents and national standards (such as “Fourteenth Five-Year (2020–2025) Plan for Hazardous Chemical Safety” and “Guidelines of SCIPs construction”) to promote hazardous chemical safety. With the aim of analyzing the future sustainable development for the construction of SCIPs in China, this paper proposes a systematic methodology in order to conduct an integrated and in-depth review on the standardization construction status (framework with Chinese characteristics, key events, spatial features, and national pilots), future tasks, problems, and sustainable development pathways of China's SCIPs. The method is implemented in accordance with the current scenarios of hazardous chemical safety in China and the latest government documents, regulations, and standards. Furthermore, this study provides basic data and a basis for future studies associated with the safety and sustainability of the SCIPs construction and chemical industry, both within China and in other countries.     

Some of the challenges in implementing Education for Sustainable Development: perspectives from Brazilian engineering students

This article aims to analyse some of the main challenges evidenced in the insertion of sustainability in engineering courses, according to the view from a sample of Brazilian students. Through a systematic literature review, a set of 10 challenges were structured to base the research instrument (questionnaire). These challenges were evaluated by 91 engineering students who participate in sustainable action programs promoted by Enactus Brazil. The collected data were analysed in terms of the averages assigned and via the multi-criteria decision technique TOPSIS, which allowed ranking the challenges. The averages were higher than 5.0 on the scale used, indicating that the students notice the existence of the challenges in the courses in which they are enrolled. The ranking via TOPSIS presented the most evident challenges: ‘Sustainable issues debated only in specific disciplines in a limited extent’; ‘Difficulty to integrate disciplines for the broad teaching of sustainability’; ‘Lack of practical and real examples of how sustainability can be embedded in the specific context of the course’; and ‘Activities and examples presented focus exclusively on environmental issues’. The results presented here may be useful for course coordinators to improve their curriculum; educators to enrich their disciplines from the findings reported here; and researchers interested in the subject can use these findings as a starting point for proposing new teaching techniques. No similar publications were found in the literature, which indicates its originality and contribution to the knowledge base.     

知识经济带来的环境机遇和挑战

知识经济完全不同于传统的工业经济,给世界各国的社会经济正在产生巨大的冲击和影响,总体上说,知识经济是一种与环境极为友好的,可持续发展的经济,但知识经济在为环境保护带来新的同时,也为我国的环境保护带来了新的挑战。     

深圳市排污收费系统的开发与研究

排污收费是环境保护工作中的重要内容,它直接体现了监管的力度和执法的效果。由于这项工作与其他业务部门,如建设项目审批、环境监督、环境监测、环境执法等部门联系密切,因而信息结构复杂。目前在我国投入使用的排污收费管理系统软件大多是FOXPRO数据库,难于实现收费信息共享。基于城市级环境信息管理系统的需求以及目前进行的污染物总量排污收费制度的试点,开发出一套WINDOWS环境采用SYBASE数据库的排污收费管理系统PWSF是十分必要的。      

Ontogenetic changes in alarm-call production and usage in meerkats (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Suricata suricatta</Emphasis>): adaptations or constraints?

In many species, individuals suffer major mortality in their first year because of predation. Behaviours that facilitate successful escape are therefore under strong selection, but anti-predator skills often emerge gradually during an individual’s early development. Using long-term data and acoustic recordings of alarm calls collected during natural predator encounters, we aimed to elucidate two largely unsolved issues in anti-predator ontogeny: (1) whether incorrect predator assignment is adaptively age-appropriate, given that vulnerability often changes during development, or whether age-related differences reflect true mistakes made by immature individuals; and (2) the extent to which the development of adult-like competence in alarm-call production and usage is simply a function of maturational processes or dependent upon experience. We found that young meerkats (Suricata suricatta) were less likely to give alarm calls than adults, but alarmed more in response to non-threatening species compared to adults. However, stimuli that pose a greater threat to young than adults did not elicit more calling from young; this argues against age-related changes in vulnerability as the sole explanation for developmental changes in calling. Young in small groups, who were more likely to watch out for predators, alarmed more than less vigilant young in larger groups. Moreover, despite similarities in acoustic structure between alarm call types, calls appeared in the repertoire at different rates, and those that were associated with frequently encountered predators were produced relatively early on. These results indicate that experience is a more plausible explanation for such developmental trajectories than maturation.     

Role of physical activity in health promotion and (individual) sustainable development

Regular physical activity may be a tool in the prevention of sedentary behaviour, overweight, obesity, and obesity-related diseases and plays a fundamental role in health promotion. Moreover, it helps to educate, to develop tolerance and respect for others, to increase interindividual and international exchange, plays a role in social integration, and contributes to an increase in individual sustainable development (ISD). ISD is an extension of the concept of the sustainable development (SD). Its aim is to promote a long, healthy and autonomous life, in conformity with the physical and social environment and economic needs. ISD implies individual participation in the decision-making process, self-determination and freedom and/or responsibility in making individual choices.     

Fair trade as a strategy for international competitiveness

At the centre of the debate surrounding sustainable development is a recognition that companies can make a major contribution by being environmentally and socially responsible and that tools associated with these concepts can enhance the competitiveness and economic performance of the firm. In this paper we go further in arguing that in a world of globalisation it is equally important to look at issues of international trade.

In an examination of free trade we argue that it is neither fully consistent with sustainable development nor to the benefit of business. We point to a new imperative to develop sound sourcing, and equitable and fair trading relationships. We identify issues associated with fair trade (including issues of human rights, fair wages, sustainability reporting procedures and codes of conduct on ethics) and associated tools of analysis (guaranteed prices, codes of conduct and end price audits).

The paper argues that in a world of globalisation with greater transparency and information availability it will be important for companies to be clear about their policies on supply chain management and trade. Indeed, with the growth of an active and sophisticated civil society, it will be argued that policies associated with sound sourcing, equitable trade and fair trade could provide companies with a new competitive strategy based on ethical standards communicated to the consumer through a strategy of differentiation. We explore strategies for the integration of fair trade policies, strategies and standards, and the opportunities for new markets and niches that this presents. It is argued that the integration of fair trade into a business strategy can enhance competitiveness.