水体沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物垂直分布模型的参数计算及相关分析

应用试验及文献数据计算了东湖沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物（AVS）垂直分布模型的参数值，并进行了参数的相关性分析。结果表明，AVS含量是沉积物中有机质的分解、AVS的沉淀、溶解及氧化共同作用的结果，较好地解释了东湖三个污染状况不同站点ABS垂直分布的差异，从而为应用ABS判断沉积物重金属生物有效性提供了科学依据。     

土壤侵蚀的环境磁学监测方法

依据土壤、沉积物磁性理论,河流或湖泊的悬移物和沉积物记载了其产地的磁信息,根据它们的磁性参数可以追踪其来源及分布范围;根据表土磁性增强现象,可以采用土壤剖面磁性变化方法来判断土壤侵蚀程度;另外,应用“磁性示踪剂”也是研究土壤侵蚀的有效手段。文章就这方面的国内外研究进展情况加以阐述,并对该方法的优缺点及发展前景提出看法。     

基于数字图像处理的人员运动参数提取方法研究

针对人员疏散研究中提取疏散场景行人运动参数的需要,采用数字图像处理技术对记录行人运动的视频进行了处理.首先对背景进行混合高斯建模并提取前景,然后采用mean-shift算法对视频中彼此相连的多个行人目标进行有效地聚类分割并准确地跟踪每个行人,得到了包含有行人运动特性时空信息的运动轨迹,利用轨迹得到了行人在行进过程中的速度变化特征.结果表明该文所提出方法可以方便、快速、准确地提取人员运动特性参数,可望对提取人员疏散实验以及真实场景中行人运动的基础数据,如速度、密度、流量等提供有效的技术手段.     

The relevance of physical forces on land-use change and planning process

This study analysed the importance of physical forces on land-use change, on the planning framework in a Portuguese periurban area. A temporal matrix showing the trajectories of land transformation was obtained. A multivariate redundancy analysis explored the importance of physical parameters on temporal and spatial land-use change. A content analysis on urban or municipal master plans was made framing the importance of physical parameters on the planning process. The results highlighted a consistent trajectory of profound land-use changes with distinctive trajectories, with increasingly complex patterns with a limited dependence on physical variables. The trajectories were more related to the planning framework, where political actors and planning managers seemed to be most important. A theoretical model balancing three main components – physical forces, actors, and land transformation (DFA-C model) is proposed, reflecting the informal relationships between physical parameters and actors during the planning process.     

Experimental and simulation studies on the influence of carbon monoxide on explosion characteristics of methane

In underground coal mining, methane explosions often can cause tremendous disasters. In the meantime, carbon monoxide (CO), generated during the process of coal oxidation, may appear in the air. Therefore, the explosion characteristics of the mixture of CH₄ and CO must be investigated to prevent gas explosion accidents in coal mines. We conducted experiments by using a 20-L nearly spherical gas explosion testing device. The software FLACS was used to simulate the explosion of the mixture of CH₄ and CO at various mixing concentrations, and the simulation results corresponded to experimental results. With the increase of CO concentration, both upper and lower explosive limits of CH₄ decreased. On the whole, the explosion characteristic parameters of CH₄ and the mixture are similar. When CH₄ concentration was below the stoichiometric concentration, the addition of CO could promote the intensity of gas explosion; oppositely, excessive CO would inhibit the gas explosion reaction. The inhibitory effects become more significant as the concentration of CH₄ increases.     

Optimizing process parameters of palm oil bleaching on locally prepared animal bone–based activated carbon using response surface methodology

Adsorptive bleaching potentials of activated animal bone on palm oil was investigated. Palm oil was obtained locally from the mesocarp of oil palm fruits. The obtained palm oil was degummed, neutralized, and subjected to proximate analysis before bleaching. The animal bone–based activated carbon used as a bleaching material was locally prepared by cleaning, drying, carbonization, and chemical activation process. The prepared activated carbon (CBAC) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, Braummer–Emmett–Teller, and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Bleaching of the prepared palm oil on CBAC was done at different process conditions. The characterization results of BET analysis show that CBAC has a surface area of 593.270 m²/g, micropore surface area 595.56 m²/g, micropore volume 0.212 cm³/g, Langmuir surface area 1.38e+04 m²/g, and adsorption energy 3.998 KJ/mol. XRD analysis indicates gypsum as the dominant mineral in the activated carbon sample. The CBAC efficiency of 75.14% was obtained for time/temperature interactions at 50 min/120°C while at 25 g/50 min dosage/time interactions an efficiency of 75.17% was obtained.     

导流参数与SUFR系统硝化及吸磷效果的灰熵分析

导流参数是螺旋升流式反应器系统(SUFR system)重要工艺参数.应用灰关联熵分析方法,分别以SUFR系统好氧区硝化以及吸磷效果为目标,研究导流参数对该系统好氧区影响的相关性以及重要性顺序.试验结果表明,各导流参数对硝化以及吸磷均有着明显的影响.对于硝化而言,导流参数对其影响的强弱顺序为:导流转速＞导流叶片的串联层数＞导流叶片的折角＞d/D;对于吸磷而言,导流参数对其影响的强弱顺序为:导流转速＞导流叶片的折角＞导流叶片的串联层数＞d/D.     

垃圾中典型组分热重分析研究

采用热重分析法研究了不同升温速率下垃圾中典型组分的热失重行为.根据热重分析曲线和实验数据,对不同加热速率条件下垃圾中典型组分的热失重行为进行了比较分析,结果表明,随着升温速率的加大,典型组分TG曲线对应的温度升高.DTG结果与组成成分的性质相关,橡胶塑料类的最大失重速率随着升温速率的加大而升高.纸类不同升温速率下对应的最大失重速度变化不大.     

Bio-SR工艺脱硫净化天然气影响因素试验研究

在对比天然气传统脱硫工艺的基础上,结合 Bio-SR工艺特点,分析了该工艺应用于天然气脱硫净化的可行性.通过单因素实验考察了H2S标准混合气浓度、初始Fe3 浓度、喷淋量、空塔停留时间、pH及压力等因素对脱硫率的影响,初步确定了适宜的控制参数.实验结果表明,该工艺对气量大、低H2S质量浓度(＜1.0 g/m3)的天然气有快速高效的净化作用,出气达到管输天然气标准.     

生物脱臭的机理研究进展及操作参数控制

生物脱臭物质已成为当今恶臭处理研究的主流,文章对近些年来关于生物脱臭理论模型的最新研究进行了综述。主要模型包括吸收-生物膜理论,吸附-生物膜理论,生物膜随片理论。由于操作参数对生物滤床的良好运行起着关键作用,同时介绍了填料、进气流量、进气浓度、湿度等操作参数对生物脱臭的影响。