基于不确定性的水资源配置双层模型及其实证研究

针对水资源管理系统的不确定性和复杂性,引入区间参数表达系统中的不确定信息,建立了反映水资源管理者和使用者之间层次关系的区间双层规划模型,并以北京市丰台区水资源管理系统为例进行实证研究.同时,基于交互式算法和模糊满意度算法,用Lingo软件编程求解,确定了丰台区水资源的优化配置方案.规划结果表明:丰台区水资源管理系统的供需水量基本达到平衡,75%的供水量来源于本地地表水和南水北调水源;规划期内的系统经济效益预期达到2.22×10~9~5.16×10~9元,COD排放量将达到1.47×10~4~1.89×10~4t.区间结果提高了优化方案的灵活性,系统满意度体现了上层决策者与下层决策者的交互.其次,通过设计4种COD最大允许排放情景,说明了不同的COD排放约束将对规划结果产生重要影响.最后,通过3种模型的对比分析可以为丰台区水资源配置提供不同发展情景下的优化方案.     

平原型农村适用的小型污水处理技术研究

通过对集成式污水处理装置工艺和运行参数进行优化,选择水力停留时间为32 h、回流比为100％、好氧区D0 2 mg/L为最佳运行工况.并在此基础上,研制出一体化处理设施——净化槽,在北京市大兴区庞各庄镇梨花村对其进行了示范应用,结果表明净化槽具有一定的耐冲击负荷的能力,出水水质稳定,对于推动北京平原地区农村生活污水达标排放具有重要意义.     

AERMOD模式应用于集中供热削减污染面源参数选取探讨

本文根据阳高县城2012年、2013年采暖季SO2、NO2监测浓度,结合2013年集中供热所替代土小采暖炉灶减排的污染物排放量,采用AERMOD模式进行预测验证,并对模式参数取值进行了探讨,以期对模型的同类型应用提供参考。     

Responses of the Indian major carp Labeo rohita to deltamethrin at acute and sublethal concentrations

The effects of deltamethrin at acute and sublethal concentrations on some hematological and biochemical profiles in the Indian major carp Labeo rohita have been examined. The lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of deltamethrin for 24 and 96 h were found to be 0.44 and 0.38 mg L^?1, respectively. During acute treatment (24 h), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), mean cellular volume (MCV), mean cellular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values were significantly increased compared to control group. Plasma glucose, protein, cholesterol, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, and glycogen in gill and muscle were significantly decreased. Upon sublethal treatment (0.044 mg L^?1, 10th of 24 h LC₅₀), RBC and the biochemical parameters, except glucose and cholesterol, decreased significantly, while MCV, MCH, and MCHC values increased up to the 28th day and then declined. Cholesterol level was significantly increased throughout the study period. A biphasic response in the levels of Hb, Hct, WBC, and glucose were observed during sublethal treatment.     

The influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on intestinal mucosal barrier function in rats with acute carbon monoxide poisoning

Hyperbaric oxygen increases the partial pressure of O₂ in arterial blood and tissues and thereby relieves cellular hypoxia. We investigated whether this treatment changes biochemical parameters and intestinal mucosal barrier function in rats exposed to toxic levels of CO. Groups of ten Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with CO, with hyperbaric oxygen, or with CO followed by hyperbaric oxygen. A fourth group maintained under normal atmospheric conditions served as a control. CO poisoning increased red blood cell distribution width and the amount of alanine aminotransferase, urea nitrogen, and tight junction creatine kinase but decreased the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (Hb). These changes were reversed after hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which increased the number of red blood cells, hematocrit level, total protein, and Hb level. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy also increased tight junction protein 1 expression and reduced toll-like receptor 4 expression in the rat colon. In conclusion, hyperbaric oxygen resulted in an improved oxic condition in CO-poisoned rats and restored energy metabolism by repairing, to some extent, the organs injured by CO. The therapy may also improve the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier.     

水环境模拟参数随机场的指示克里格研究

在水环境模拟中,经常要对各种参数的空间分布数值做出可靠的估计.环境问题的复杂性往往使得这类估计存在不确定性.如何利用有限的监测数据来实现水环境中各种参数的精确估值具有重要的实际意义.以水环境模拟参数随机场中的离子质量浓度为例,介绍了指示克里格估值计算的理论方法及应用.通过对样本数据的统计分析得出,数据总体不服从正态分布,且表现出一定的非平稳性.在此基础上用指示克里格法对离子在模拟环境中分布的空间结构特征进行分析,并对估点进行估值计算.估值结果显示,指示克里格的估值效果优于普通克里格.这一实际应用表明,指示克里格法可以较好地描述水环境模拟参数随机场的空间分布规律.     

正压空气呼吸器定期检验及存在问题分析

正压空气呼吸器是抢险救援的重要装备。本文对正压空气呼吸器的基本组成、工作原理进行了阐述，对长庆油田在用正压空气呼吸器使用现状和存在的问题进行了汇总和分析，提出了定期检验的内容、依据和程序．明确了开展定期检验是确保正压空气呼吸器正常使用、减少隐患的重要手段。     

应用BP神经网络进行隧道围岩快速分级

在隧道施工过程中,为准确、及时地进行围岩快速分级,引入BP神经网络方法,通过制定快速分级参数标准,对已经开挖的隧道工作面按照隧道围岩分级规范进行分级,并测量其快速分级参数,将围岩分级的结果与其对应的快速分级参数建立BP神经网络的训练集合,从而得到围岩分级模型。最后测量正在开挖隧道工作面的快速分级参数,并提供给模型进行判别,从而达到快速、精确分级目的。通过某隧道围岩样品实例验证,该模型判断结果与实际施工情况吻合,可用于指导施工阶段的隧道围岩快速分级。     

还原雷击参数的“黑匣子”——雷击在线实时监测记录仪研究

本文所研究的＂黑匣子＂是一种在线监测、记录、还原雷击参数的智能仪表,对特定环境设施（如：避雷针、低压供、配电线路与信息传输线路）入侵的雷击具备在线实时监测、记录并还原雷击参数的雷电流幅值、持续时间、极性（雷击电流走向）与波形的功能。