复合生物滤池处理城市高污染水体

采用中试规模复合生物滤池处理城市高污染水体,考察了滤池的最佳运行参数以及对氮和有机物的去除效果。结果表明:滤池容积负荷宜控制为0.3～0.5 kg COD/(m3.d),水力负荷4.5～5 m3/(m2.d),适宜的通风比为9%,当C/N为5～8时,滤池COD、NH4+-N和TN平均去除率分别为80%、83%和63%,达到高效同步硝化反硝化状态。     

重庆地区1999～2008年雷电参数变化特征

采用重庆地区1999~2008年闪电定位系统监测资料,通过数理统计、回归分析、趋势分析等方法,重点分析重庆地区反映雷电活动规律的闪电频次、雷电流幅值、雷电日等雷电参数时空分布及其变化特征。结果表明：闪电发生在时间分布上存在明显季节性（54％~83%集中在夏季）和日变化特征（主要集中在两个区域：16〖DK〗∶00～18〖DK〗∶00、0〖DK〗∶00～2〖DK〗∶00）;在空间分布上,雷电日和闪电频次都呈现出渝西地区较大（其次是渝中和渝东南部,最小的是渝东北部）。正闪雷电流强度明显大于负闪,且冬季各月正闪所占比例与平均雷电流强度均显著高于其它季节,在此基础上获得雷电流幅值频率的累积概率分布公式,为防雷减灾工作提供理论依据     

崇明东滩围垦湿地芦苇光合作用对模拟升温的响应初探

采用开顶式气室法(Open top Chamber, OTC)模拟升温,分别于升温1 a和升温2 a后,测定崇明东滩围垦湿地代表植物--芦苇快速生长期叶片的光响应进程,分析最大净光合速率(Pmax)、暗呼吸速率〖WTBX〗(Rd)、表观量子效率(AQY)、光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)等光合参数对升温时间的累积响应。结果表明：与对照样地相比,升温1 a后Pmax、〖WTBX〗LSP显著增加,Rd、LCP显著降低,表现出正效应,而升温2 a后结果相反;升温条件下〖WTBX〗AQY的年际差异不显著;非线性拟合芦苇叶片光合 光响应(Pn PAR)曲线,结果显示其在升温第一年和第二年分别发生上调和下移现象;蒸腾速率(Tr)对升温表现增加趋势;气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)对升温的响应与光合有效辐射(PAR〖WTBZ〗)强度有关。这可能意味着长时间升温条件下芦苇叶片因非气孔因素限制发生光合适应现象     

环境应力筛选(ESS)应力参数的确定及其考虑因素

温度循环和随机振动是环境应力筛选最常用、最有效的筛选应力。根据两者诱发故障机理的特点,介绍和分析了温度循环和随机振动应力参数的确定方法及需要考虑的因素,并强调对受筛产品进行温度和振动调查,进一步优化应力参数。     

基于智能优化算法的河流水质模型参数的优化

为探索河流水质模型参数新的求解方法,根据有限的实测数据,分别应用免疫进化优化算法和免疫进化优选的捕食搜索算法,对河流水质模型计算公式中的多参数进行优化。将优化得到的计算公式用于国内外若干河流的河段中DO浓度值的拟合,并与实测结果进行了比较。结果表明,将免疫进化优化算法或免疫进化优选的捕食搜索算法优化得到的水质模型参数精度不仅较高,而且相对稳定,从而为河流水质模型参数的优化提供了一种新方法。     

回转窑式纯氧熔融焚烧垃圾技术研究

生活垃圾安全无害化处理是目前迫切需要解决的问题,直接气化熔融焚烧垃圾技术以降低二恶英排放方面巨大优势得到广泛关注,在此基础上提出纯氧熔融焚烧垃圾技术,几乎可以实现所有二次污染物近零排放。以350 t/d回转窑垃圾焚烧炉为例,对纯氧代替空气应用在回转窑上熔融焚烧垃圾系统进行了详细热力计算及分析。结果表明,纯氧熔融焚烧垃圾系统的锅炉效率可达90.56%,回转窑熔融焚烧系统还可以在垃圾焚烧后灰渣达到熔融温度的条件下,保持该系统热量平衡,稳定燃烧。并参考回转窑设计标准对该纯氧熔融焚烧城市生活垃圾的回转窑参数进行确定。     

Photocatalytic mineralization of glyphosate in a small-scale plug flow simulation reactor by UV/TiO2

The present work involves the photocatalytic mineralization of glyphosate on a plug flow reactor by UV/TiO₂. The effect of catalyst loading shows an optimal value (0.4 g L^?1) which is necessary to mineralize glyphosate. The kinetic rate of glyphosate mineralization decreases with the increasing initial concentration of glyphosate, and the data can be described using the first-order model. An alkaline environment is conducive to glyphosate mineralization. The mineralization efficiency increases with elevated flow rate to 114 mL min^?1, which is followed by a decrease with a further increase in flow rate due to the reduction of the residence time. The presence of external oxidants (K₂S₂O₈, H₂O₂ and KBrO₃) and photosencitizer (humic acid) can significantly enhance glyphosate mineralization. Photocatalysis oxidation ability of the three studied oxidants decrease in the order of: S₂O₈ ^2? > BrO₃ ^? > H₂O₂. Finally, the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L-H) model was used to rationalize the mechanisms of reactions occurring on TiO₂ surfaces and L-H model constants were also determined.     

In vitro effect of profenofos,fenvalerate and dimilin on protein and RNA biosynthesis by rabbit liver and muscle tissues

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Curacron (profenofos), Sumicidin (fenvalerate) and Dimilin (di‐fluobenzuron) on the in vitro rate of protein and RNA synthesis by rabbit liver and muscle tissues. The synthesis of protein and RNA were significantly stimulated in the liver and inhibited in the muscle by graded doses of these insecticides. Profenofos showed maximum effect on protein synthesis in both tissues at a dose of 0.2 μg/mL, while the maximum effect on RNA synthesis occurred at 0.2 μg/mL in the liver and at 2 μg/mL in the muscle. Fenvalerate caused maximum stimulation in both liver protein and RNA synthesis at a dose of 2 μg/mL, and maximum inhibition in the muscle at 10 and 0.2 μg/mL for protein and RNA synthesis respectively. The maximum effect of Dimilin on both tissues was reached at 5 μg/mL for protein synthesis and at 0.2 μg/mL for RNA synthesis. The effect of Dimilin on RNA synthesis was more pronounced in both tissues than its effect on protein synthesis, but this trend was reversed in the case of profenofos and fenvalerate. Present data also showed antagonism between these insecticides on the rate of protein and RNA synthesis.     

Construction of MOFs-based nanocomposite membranes for emerging organic contaminants abatement in water

● Application of the MOF-composite membranes in adsorption was discussed. ● Recent application of MOFs-membranes for separation was summarized. ● Separation and degradation for emerging organic contaminants were described. Presence of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in water is one of the major threats to water safety. In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have investigated new approaches for their effective removal. Among them, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing attention since their first development thanks to their tunable metal nodes and versatile, functional linkers. However, whether or not MOFs have a promising future for practical application in emerging contaminants-containing wastewater is debatable. This review summarizes recent studies about the removal of EOCs using MOFs-related material. The synthesis strategies of both MOF particles and composites, including thin-film nanocomposite and mixed matrix membranes, are critically reviewed, as well as various characterization technologies. The application of the MOF-based composite membranes in adsorption, separation (nanofiltration and ultrafiltration), and catalytic degradation are discussed. Overall, literature survey shows that MOFs-based composite could play a crucial role in eliminating EOCs in the future. In particular, modified membranes that realize separation and degradation might be the most promising materials for such application.     

Impact of mining industries on the groundwater level fluctuation in Singrauli coalfield area by using remote sensing and GIS,India

The coal mining industries influence hydro-geological parameters, which affect the aquifer recharge in the coal mining areas. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of various hydro-geological parameters on fluctuation of groundwater level in the study area. The various hydro-geological parameters such as soil, geology, drainage pattern, elevation and slope have been considered to accomplish the objective. A comparative analysis was performed by comparing the groundwater level fluctuation (WLF) map with the GIS-based various hydro-geological parameter maps to assess the combined influence of different hydro-geological parameters on groundwater level fluctuation. A total of eighty-six (86) dug-wells were chosen to monitor the level of the groundwater for around ten blocks of Singrauli coalfield, and these wells were examined during the months of dry and wet seasons for 2016. Based on the comparative analysis between the WLF map and thematic maps of various hydro-geological parameters, it has been found that WLF in the south-western and some portions of the north-eastern showed moderate to a higher value. This may be because most of the non-hilly areas come under gentle to moderate slope category, with lower elevation in the area forming the suitable hydro-geological condition for recharging groundwater. It was observed that the northwest, south-east and central part of the study area showed lower WLF, which may be due to the presence of overburden dump, presence of higher elevation and steep slope. Thus, the combined effect of slope, elevation, geology, drainage and mining activities on the WLF in the study region is moderate.