Dynamic modeling and bifurcation analysis for the methyl isocyanate hydrolysis reaction

The aim of this work was to characterize the methyl isocyanate hydrolysis reaction and to identify its operational criteria. The parametric sensitivity and dynamic stability methodologies were performed at the Bhopal disaster circumstances, over the relevant operating parameter space. Stable and unstable conditions, bifurcations points, turning points and oscillatory behavior were determined. The combined methodology give useful guidance on the operative conditions selection and the appropriate strategy to overcome hazardous situations. The obtained results demonstrated high sensitivity to small perturbations (thermal runaway) and prevalent oscillatory behavior. Moreover, the following critical parameters for the studied dynamic system were defined: the inverse residence time of 1.5700103 and the heat transfer coefficient of 752.394.     

基于性能参数退化的某弹用O型橡胶密封圈贮存寿命评估

目的研究某弹用O型橡胶密封圈的性能参数退化规律,并准确预测其贮存寿命。方法设计4个不同温度下的恒定应力加速退化试验,记录每个温度下不同时间点的性能退化数据,根据退化参数利用高分子材料性能变化与退化时间关系式及阿伦尼乌斯(Arrhenius)方程,建立O型橡胶密封圈压缩永久变形率与贮存时间的老化动力学方程。结果对照当地各个季节的平均温度值,建立了寿命评估模型,并由此预测了该型密封圈在自然环境贮存条件下的失效寿命在8年左右。结论该寿命评估值比较接近实际测量值,精度良好,可为O型橡胶密封圈在自然贮存条件下的寿命评估提供有价值的参考依据。     

鸡粪高效降解菌群对堆肥的影响

为明确自行筛选开发的高效降解菌对鸡粪发酵的影响,分析研究了其堆肥的主要腐熟指标。结果表明,加入高效降解菌剂的堆肥处理方法温度相对较高,脱水快,pH值适宜,C／N调整较好,种子发芽指数高,堆肥后营养养分含量高,且大肠菌群数量少,堆肥效果较好。     

考虑滚动阻抗的线性接触模型离散元宏细观参数敏感性研究*

为克服无黏性土的离散元研究中未考虑颗粒间抗转动作用的缺陷,基于抗转动线性接触模型开展一系列排水固结三轴压缩模拟试验,结合随机森林算法详细探讨抗转动线性接触模型中各细观参数（有效模量、刚度比、摩擦系数、抗转动系数）与试样的宏观参数（初始弹性模量、泊松比、峰值强度）间的关系。结果表明:颗粒有效模量的提高会使试样的初始弹性模量提高而泊松比提高,权重值分别为0.695 14和0.201 57;刚度比的增加会使试样的初始弹性模量降低而泊松比提高,权重值分别为0.751和0.193 64;抗转动系数与摩擦系数提高会显著提高试样的抗剪强度,权重值分别为0.564 72和0.427 5;抗转动系数对试样的剪胀性具有显著影响。     

Exploring relationships between microscopic kinetic parameters of tires under normal driving conditions,road characteristics and accident types

IntroductionFreeway accidents are a leading cause of death in China, which also triggers substantial economic loss and an emotional burden to society. However, the internal mechanism of how microscopic kinetic parameters of vehicles influenced by road characteristics determine the occurrence of different types of accidents has not been explicitly studied. This research aimed to explore the “link role” of tire microscopic kinetic parameters in road characteristic variables and traffic accidents to aid in facilitating the traffic design and management, and thus to prevent traffic accident. Method: A mountain freeway in Zhejiang Province, China was used as the research object and the data used in this paper were obtained through a real-time vehicle experiment. Multiple estimation models, including the standard ordered logit (SOL) model, fixed parameters logit (FPL) model, and random parameters logit (RPL) model were established. Results: The findings show that road characteristics will affect the longitudinal kinetic characteristics of the vehicle and, consequently, map the level of risk of rear-end accidents. Driving compensation effects were also identified in this paper (i.e., the drivers tend to be more cautious in complicated driving circumstances). Another finding relating to the mountain freeway is that different tunnel characteristics (e.g., tunnel entrance and tunnel exit) have different effects on different types of traffic accidents. Practical Applications: The framework proposed in this article can provide new insight for researchers to enlarge the research subjects of both explanatory and outcome variables in accident analysis. Future research could be implemented to consider more driving conditions.     

流动注射分析仪运行条件的影响因素与调试经验

通过实践,介绍了在流动注射分析仪上如何设置分析方法的运行参数,以及如何确定到阀时间的经验。     

短程反硝化的启动及多参数优化下NO2--N积累特性

采用本实验室长期培养的厌氧（S-A）、好氧（S-O）和交替厌氧/好氧（S-A/O）活性污泥为种泥,分别启动短程反硝化SBR反应器R1、R2和R3,控制进水C/N比为3,缺氧搅拌时间为1h时,在第15d、7d和4d亚硝酸盐积累率（NAR）分别达到75.34%、84.51%和86.23%.选取C/N比、初始pH值、缺氧搅拌时间和初始NO₃^--N浓度对NAR进行四因素三水平响应面实验,方差分析结果表明,以上因素对NAR均有显著影响（P<0.05）,模型R²为0.983.通过模型预测得最佳运行条件：C/N比为3.16,初始pH值为8.51,缺氧搅拌时间为1.27h,初始NO₃^--N浓度为60mg/L的条件下,NAR高达91.32%.     

典型优化目标函数下源参数反演性能对比研究

基于外场实验数据,从反演高估率、准确性、稳定性角度系统评估了8种典型目标函数在不同未知源参数反演情形下的反演性能差异.研究发现,不同目标函数反演性能差异显著.仅反演单参数源强时（Q）,对数变换目标函数高估率最大（79.4%）,偏差平方和目标函数准确性最高（P_ARD<50%=82.3%,ARD=（35.3±9.1）%）,目标函数稳定性无明显差异（CV<0.01）.三参数反演（Q,x,y）时,标准化均方根误差目标函数源强高估率最大（98.5%）,对数变换目标函数准确性、稳定性最高（P_ARD<50%=91.1%,ARD=（48.4±9.8）%;CV=0.01）;位置方面,偏差平方和目标函数准确性最高（AD=（36.12±11.39） m）,对数变换目标函数稳定性最强（CV=0.0018）.四参数反演（Q,x,y,z）时,标准化均方根误差目标函数源强高估率最大（98.5%）,对数变换目标函数准确性、稳定性最优（P_ARD<50%=61.7%,ARD=（55.2±16.5）%;CV=0.03）;位置方面,相关系数总体表现最优（AD=（34.37±10.72） m;CV=0.011）.整体上,随反演参数变化,对数变换目标函数源强反演性能最稳定.     

丰水期洪湖水质空间变异特征及驱动力分析

通过对丰水期不同程度富营养化的洪湖全湖139个监测点位的高密度采样分析,采用GIS空间插值技术得到洪湖水体中各污染因子、水生植物生物量和水质类别的空间分布特征图.结果表明,丰水期TN、TP、NH+4-N、高锰酸盐指数的质量浓度总体上呈现出自南向北逐步增高的变化趋势:北部河流入湖区围网养殖区开阔水体保护区南部长江入湖区;水质参数的贡献率依次为TNTP高锰酸盐指数NH+4-NDO.受工农业废水、生活污水、饵料投放、水生植物、水体交换等因素的影响,TN在丰水期超过目标水质59%,TP超标35.2%,高锰酸盐指数超标13.7%,NH+4-N超标4.3%,综合水质超标66.2%.在季风等环境因子的影响下水体中的DO达到水质目标.通过水质空间变异性分析,能直观反映人类活动、土地利用类型和环境因子之间相互作用对洪湖水环境产生的巨大影响.为了使洪湖水环境更有利于人们的生产和生活,应大力控制北部区域工农业废水和生活污水的排放,控制养殖面积,逐步恢复洪湖水体自净能力,实现洪湖水环境生态的可持续发展.     

基于ACE法和模拟退火算法的土层等效参数反演

提出了一种基于ACE法和模拟退火算法的土层参数反演方法:一方面先用均匀试验构造出输入数据与输出数据,再利用ACE非参数回归方法构造两者之间的高效响应面,然后通过响应面关系进行插值运算来得出对应参数的响应值;另一方面根据响应面的关系构造出反演目标函数,利用模拟退火法对目标函数进行寻优计算,从而能避免寻优过程中的目标函数值...