AB法处理含合成洗涤剂的废水

研究结果表明，在适当条件下，ＡＢ工艺用于处理含合成洗涤剂废水的ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＢＯＤ５总去除率分别为９０％－９５％和８６％－９６％，比常规活性污泥法提高３６％－４５％。     

人工合成麝香的环境污染、生态行为与毒理效应研究进展

人工合成麝香作为一种替代型香料被广泛应用于日用化工行业，由于其持续不断地输入环境，其中的一些典型化合物如加乐麝香和吐纳麝香等在水、土壤和大气环境中的浓度日益增加，并且在动物体和人体组织中产生了蓄积作用，其效应相当于持久性有机污染物。因此人工合成麝香作为一种新型污染物，已成为药物和个人护理品污染物（PPCPs）的重要组成部分。本文首先对人工合成麝香的种类与应用情况、环境来源和污染水平进行简要介绍。在此基础上，从人工合成麝香的生物蓄积行为、环境降解行为和生物转化行为等3个方面，对人工合成麝香所具有的持久性有机污染物的行为特征进行了分析；概述了人工合成麝香的环境激素毒性、遗传毒性效应、生理生态毒性、对酶活性的影响以及对微生物毒性效应的研究进展，展示了人工合成麝香所可能产生的不良生态效应。最后，根据目前对人工合成麝香的研究进展，提出了今后有关重点研究内容的建议，为合理评价和降低人工合成麝香的生态风险提供理论基础。     

糟液废水处理工程综合效益实例分析

采用以调温上流式厌氧污泥床反应器（UASB） 序批式活性污泥法（SBR）为主体的联合生物处理工艺处理酿酒行业产生的糟液废水。该工艺可减少大量CODcr,BOD5超标的糟液废水的直接排放，还可产生大量沼气供综合利用，工艺技术先进，工程的综合效益较高。     

MnO2和Fe2O3在合成氨厂原料气脱硫中的应用

合成氨厂利用MnO_2和Fe_2O_3脱硫,控制了硫化物和氨水对环境的污染,提高了脱硫效率.而且与常用的几种脱硫比较,是一种较为理想的脱硫方法,具有较强的适用性.     

农田承灾力综合评价与分区：以河南省为例

我国地域辽阔,耕地面积大,农田承灾能力各地差异明显。本文从建立农业承灾力的评价模型入手,选择参评因子,划分评分标准,计算综合指数,确定地域等级。作者以河南省为例,通过调查与分析,分别对全省各县(市)进行系统计算,最后进行分区综合评价。     

新工艺制备聚合氯化铝絮凝剂的实验研究

以Al2O3和CaO为原料用焙烧酸溶制备工艺合成新型高效的聚合氯化铝。研究结果表明,提高焙烧温度时有利于新型絮凝剂制备合成反应,最佳原料配比为(Al2O3)60%,最佳酸溶时间为3h。。     

Use of Radar Remote Sensing (RADARSAT) to Map Winter Wetland Habitat for Shorebirds in an Agricultural Landscape

Many of todays agricultural landscapes once held vast amounts of wetland habitat for waterbirds and other wildlife. Successful restoration of these landscapes relies on access to accurate maps of the wetlands that remain. We used C-band (5.6-cm-wavelength), HH-polarized radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) at a 38° incidence angle (8-m resolution) to map the distribution of winter shorebird (Charadriiformes) habitat on agricultural lands in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. We acquired imagery on three dates (10 December 1999, 27 January 2000, and 15 March 2000) and simultaneously collected ground reference data to classify radar signatures and evaluate map accuracy of four habitat classes: (1) wet with 50% vegetation (considered optimal shorebird habitat), (2) wet with > 50% vegetation, (3) dry with 50% vegetation, and (4) dry with > 50% vegetation. Overall accuracy varied from 45 to 60% among the three images, but the accuracy of focal class 1 was greater, ranging from 72 to 80%. Class 4 coverage was stable and dominated maps (40% of mapped study area) for all three dates, while coverage of class 3 decreased slightly throughout the study period. Among wet classes, class 1 was most abundant (about 30% coverage) in December and January, decreasing in March to approximately 15%. Conversely, class 2 increased dramatically from January to March, likely due to transition from class 1 as vegetation grew. This approach was successful in detecting optimal habitat for shorebirds on agricultural lands. For modest classification schemes, radar remote sensing is a valuable option for wetland mapping in areas where cloud cover is persistent. Also, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA     

自然灾害综合评价与分区——以川南地区为例

自然灾害综合性评价与分区是防、减、治灾的基础。本文提出的自然灾害综合评价模型,考虑了各种自然灾害的共同作用和受灾区域的社会经济水平,用自然灾害综合指数来表示区域自然灾害的危险程度,并据此作综合分区。     

Interpolating SRTM Elevation Data to Higher Resolution to Improve Hydrologic Analysis

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) has been a valuable resource for hydrological analysis, providing elevation data at a consistent resolution on a near‐global scale. However, its resolution (three arc‐second or 90 m) is sometimes too low to obtain the desired level of accuracy and precision for hydrologic analysis. We evaluated the performance of several methods for interpolating SRTM three arc‐second data to a 30‐m resolution grid to better represent topography and derive terrain characteristics of the landscape. STRM data were interpolated to 30‐m DEMs on a common grid using spline, inverse distance weighting (IDW), kriging (KR), natural neighbor methods, and cubic convolution (CC) resampling. Accuracy of the methods was assessed by comparing interpolated and resampled 30‐m grids with the reference data. Slope, aspect, sinks, and stream networks were derived for the 30‐m grids and compared on a cell‐by‐cell basis to evaluate their performance in reproducing the derivatives. The comparisons identify spline and KR as the most accurate interpolation methods, of which spline is preferred because of its relative simplicity. IDW provided the greatest bias in all methods with artifacts evident in slope and aspect maps. The performance of CC projection directly to a 30‐m resolution was comparable to spline interpolation, thus is recommended as the most convenient method for interpolating SRTM to a higher resolution.     

ORBAL氧化沟处理合成制药废水

近１０年来，用氧化沟处理污水的生化工艺逐渐在国内推广运用，对于用氧化沟处理较大水量的合成制药废水，则是一种新的尝试。本文通过氧化沟处理合成制药废水实例，介绍一种高效节能的ＯＲＢＡＬ氧化沟装置。