Integrated action planning for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of highland aquatic resources: evaluating outcomes for the Beijiang River,China

The need for enhanced environmental planning and management for highland aquatic resources is described and a rationale for integrated action planning is presented. Past action planning initiatives for biodiversity conservation and wetland management are reviewed. A reflective account is given of integrated action planning from five sites in China, India and Vietnam. Eight planning phases are described encompassing: stakeholder assessment and partner selection; rapport building and agreement on collaboration; integrated biodiversity, ecosystem services, livelihoods and policy assessment; problem analysis and target setting; strategic planning; planning and organisation of activities; coordinated implementation and monitoring; evaluation and revised target setting. The scope and targeting of actions are evaluated using the Driving forces, Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses framework and compatibility with biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development objectives are assessed. Criteria to evaluate the quality of planning processes are proposed. Principles for integrated action planning elaborated here should enable stakeholders to formulate plans to reconcile biodiversity conservation with the wise use of wetlands.     

On the scope and management of pesticide pollution of Swedish groundwater resources: The Scanian example

Twenty-three south-Swedish public supply wells were studied to assess pesticide pollution of regional groundwater resources. Relations between pesticide occurrence, hydrogeology, and land use were analyzed using Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Maps approach. Pesticides are demonstrated to be substantially present in regional groundwater, with detections in 18 wells. Concentrations above the drinking water threshold are confirmed for nine wells. Observations indicate considerable urban influence, and lagged effects of past, less restricted use. Modern, oxic waters from shallow, unconfined, unconsolidated or fracture-type bedrock aquifers appear particularly vulnerable. Least affected waters appear primarily associated with deeper wells, anoxic conditions, and more confined sediment aquifers lacking urban influence. Comprehensive, standardized monitoring of pesticides in groundwater need to be implemented nationwide to enable sound assessments of pollution status and trends, and to develop sound groundwater management plans in accordance with the Water Framework Directive. Further, existing water protection areas and associated regulations need to be reassessed.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0548-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Expert Perceptions of Approaches to Protecting Isolated Wetlands in the Northeastern United States

In this article, we describe how protecting vernal pools was discussed by experts in the northeastern United States (U.S) within the context of a theoretical policy framework. We offer insight about characteristics of feasible vernal pool policy solutions, and identify gaps in our understanding, particularly regarding conditions in states currently lacking specific vernal pool protections. Vernal pools are geographically isolated, intermittent wetlands that provide important habitat for a variety of plants and animals. Many may not be federally protected as a result of judicial decisions over the past two decades, and the rule intended to clarify what qualifies for federal protection is currently being reviewed by the courts. Thus, state or local policy approaches may be alternatives to conserving vernal pools. We interviewed vernal pool experts in the northeastern U.S. regarding approaches to vernal pool protection and analyzed their perceptions through the lens of Kingdon's ( 2011 ) multiple streams policy development framework. The framework denotes 13 characteristics of three processes associated with policy development: problem identification, policy solution development, and the impacts of politics. While analyzed for all 13 components, we found participants most often discussed feasibility of policy formulation and implementation, particularly with regard to protecting vernal pools of high value while also remaining within the bounds of what public opinion supports.     

CO还原脱硝反应锌铜双金属有机骨架催化剂的制备

采用离子交换法制备锌铜双金属有机骨架(Zna/HKUST-1,a=1/24,1/12,1/6,1/3,a为Zn与Cu的摩尔比),用于催化CO还原脱硝反应。采用XRD,SEM,FTIR,H2-TPR,BET等方法对Zna/HKUST-1进行了表征。表征结果表明:Zna/HKUST-1中有明显的Zn—O键和铜基金属有机骨架(HKUST-1)的结构,证明Zn成功进入了HKUST-1中;但随a的不同,Zna/HKUST-1的形貌、大小及比表面积出现了差异。实验结果表明,Zna/HKUST-1(a=1/24)对CO还原脱硝反应的催化活性最高,可在230℃达到NO转化率100%。     

Human–wildlife coexistence in a changing world

Human–wildlife conflict (HWC) is a key topic in conservation and agricultural research. Decision makers need evidence-based information to design sustainable management plans and policy instruments. However, providing objective decision support can be challenging because realities and perceptions of human–wildlife interactions vary widely between and within rural, urban, and peri-urban areas. Land users who incur costs through wildlife argue that wildlife-related losses should be compensated and that prevention should be subsidized. Supporters of human–wildlife coexistence policies, such as urban-dwelling people, may not face threats to their livelihoods from wildlife. Such spatial heterogeneity in the cost and benefits of living with wildlife is germane in most contemporary societies. This Special Section features contributions on wildlife-induced damages that range from human perspectives (land use, psychology, governance, local attitudes and perceptions, costs and benefits, and HWC and coexistence theory) to ecological perspectives (animal behavior). Building on current literature and articles in this section, we developed a conceptual model to help frame HWC and coexistence dimensions. The framework can be used to determine damage prevention implementation levels and approaches to HWC resolution. Our synthesis revealed that inter- and transdisciplinary approaches and multilevel governance approaches can help stakeholders and institutions implement sustainable management strategies that promote human–wildlife coexistence.     

社会资本测量研究综述

高水平的社会资本是生态、社会与经济职责和谐过程的先决条件,社会资本在可持续发展领域的作用已引起了全社会的广泛关注。社会资本测量作为理解其作用机制的前提与基础,一直是学术界关注的焦点。然而,在实践中,由于缺乏统一的测量工具,对于社会资本结构性成分系统解耦、社会资本在地区间比较、社会资本精确理解等都存在困难。本文从确定社会资本的基本维度出发,分析了社会资本测量中存在的问题,发现当前主要从社会资本的网络、信任及规范三个基本成分、个体与集体两个分析层次出发寻求替代指标对社会资本进行测量,存在测量工具缺乏系统性、替代指标缺乏普适性、分析尺度转换缺乏有效性、社会资本成分与其影响结果的测量混淆等问题。为了更好地理解社会资本及其作用机制,本文提出应从确认社会资本的主要维度开始,建立系统的测量框架、采用多样化的研究方法、选择功能等同的测量工具等入手进行社会资本测量。     

Sharing goals by timely communication improves fishermen's satisfaction with marine protected areas: A case study in the Mediterranean

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered as a valid tool for mitigating the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems. Their success depends upon their acceptance by implicated stakeholders and on the integration of the stakeholder groups into their management. This integration is especially important with regard to fishermen, whose interests are the most directly affected by MPAs. The relational coordination method posits that effective communication and supportive relationships among stakeholders result in positive stakeholder behaviors and a more effective management of the system. Applying its principles, we designed a survey to evaluate the satisfaction of fishermen associated with five MPAs in the Spanish Mediterranean and determine what mechanisms affect fishermen’s acceptance of MPAs. Our results demonstrate that effective communication is particularly important for good supportive relationships and satisfaction among fishermen and other stakeholder groups, as well as satisfaction with the MPA. Sharing objectives with fishermen through timely communication is the primary mechanism to improve fishermen''s satisfaction and ameliorate perceptions towards MPA. To address this issue, we recommend more substantial integration of fishermen in the co-management of MPAs.     

从海牙气候会议的失败看全球环境合作的障碍

文章在介绍海牙气候会议背景的基础上,分析了会议上产生的分歧,全球环境合作的障碍。同时,阐述了会议的尖锐矛盾和激烈斗争预示的中国今后在环境与发展问题上将面临的严峻挑战,并对此提出需要采取的有效对策。     

矿山安全管理核心框架结构研究

矿业是人类文明进步、国民经济发展和科学技术革命的基础,矿山生产又是工业事故频发的高危行业。改革开放以来,随着经济的发展,我国对矿产资源的开发与利用强度不断加大,矿山生产事故多发,形势十分严峻。安全管理是矿山生产解决和消除各种不安全因素,防止事故发生最重要的手段。本文通过对我国矿山安全生产管理的研究与实践,首次提出关于矿山安全生产管理核心框架结构RS理论。认为矿山安全生产管理核心框架是建立在安全战略目标与规划基础上的风险监测与预控管理、安全文化建设和安全监管。安全文化建设包括本质安全化,企业安全理念与员工综合素质以及安全制度建设,安全文化建设是安全生产管理应该关注的重点内容。论文为我国矿山企业安全生产管理提供了有益参考。     

基于PSR和云理论的农用地生态环境评价——以广东省新兴县为例

论文采用PSR框架构建评价指标体系,利用云理论分别构建定量指标与定性指标的云模型,对农用地生态环境进行评价。以广东省新兴县为例,得出新兴县农用地生态环境分值为0.75,农用地生态环境良好。并将云理论与模糊规则进行对比,得出新兴县农用地生态环境分值分别为0.75和0.70,两者结果差异不大,但是结果表明云理论能完整表达评价问题中的不确定性,避免模糊规则中隶属度函数确定繁琐的问题。