我国生态功能区划的目标、原则与体系

阐述了我国开展生态功能区划的背景,分析了全国生态功能区划的基本目标和任务。以生态系统科学为基础,明确了开展生态功能区划的基本原则——生态系统完整性原则。在生态系统完整性原则下。定义系统、系统边界、系统等级和认识生态系统的尺度。对生态功能区划与自然区划、农业区划以及生态地域划分之间的联系与区别进行了分析,指出从单一要素的各种自然区划,到以整体生态系统为基础的生态功能区划是协调人与自然关系、寻求自然资源保护与人类对资源的永续利用之间的平衡的认识进步。在生态系统完整性原则上,提出了我国生态功能区划体系的框架。论述了流域在生态和社会经济方面的重要性。认为以大流域为基本区划单元的划分是构建我国生态功能区划的基本方式．“生态热点”地区规划是必要的、灵活的辅助手段．     

Two novel sets of UiO-66@ metal oxide/graphene oxide Z-scheme heterojunction: Insight into tetracycline and malathion photodegradation

Nowadays,widespread researches have been focused on the development of effective photocatalysts to remove pollutants of the aquatic system.In accordance with the universal studies,two new sets of UiO-66@metal oxide(including ZnO and TiO_2)/graphene oxide heterojunctions were synthesized for photodegradation of aromatic(tetracycline)and nonaromatic(malathion) pollutants which are challenging cases in the environment.The dosage of the photocatalyst,pH of the solution,the type of metal oxide,and the presence of various scavengers are assayed parameters in this work.In the optimum condition,maximum photodegradation efficiency is achieved in 90 min for tetracycline(81%) and malathion(100%) by the UiO-66@ZnO/graphene oxide.The superior separation of charge carriers by Z-scheme mechanism,excellent electron mobility on layers of graphene oxide and high surface area are factors that enhanced the efficiency.Furthermore,in comparison with pure UiO-66,the band gaps belong to heterojunctions revealed a red shift in the absorption edge,which can be responsible for more expand adsorption of the solar spectrum.Total organic carbon analysis verified the decontamination of these pollutants in the solution.The produced main intermediates during the photocatalytic process were identified and the possible degradation pathway proposed.In general,the superior photocatalytic activity suggests that these designed photocatalysts can be a promising choice for having a clean future.     

区域生态安全演化与绿色经济发展关系实证研究——以辽宁省为例

本文基于DPESAR框架的生态安全指标体系,选择辽宁省1995—2017年的面板数据,应用SPSS17.0和EViews6.0软件,建立生态安全演化与绿色经济发展关系的结构模型,研究二级指标和三级指标间的相互关系,识别其影响绿色经济发展的症结,进而构建最优控制模型,探讨二者之间的演化关系,依据辽宁省"十三五"发展规划的指标要求,模拟并预测辽宁省到2022年的生态安全与绿色经济发展关系的理想演化状态。结果显示:敏感指标的下降会造成生态安全的恶化。但是,通过政府的调控,消除暴露指标C(k)通过压力指标带来的滞后影响可以遏制生态环境的恶化。因此,调整后的生态安全影响因子对绿色经济发展有巨大的促进作用,从而可以为辽宁省"十三五"的绿色经济发展提供决策依据。     

突发事件应急决策模拟演练设计理论框架与技术要点

突发事件应急决策模拟演练是提升参演主体应急处置能力的重要途径，该类演练的设计开发需要系统性的理论与技术进行规范和引导。从实践归纳的角度，将该类演练的设计划分为演练内容设计和演练形式开发2部分，详尽地分析演练内容设计中的4个核心要素（主题与目标、演练情景、演练任务和目标能力）和演练形式开发中的3项关键技术（控制流程、任务导入与方案输出、信息技术平台）。此外，着重介绍了突发事件应急决策模拟演练设计开发过程中容易混淆的几组概念关系，即“情景构建与应急演练的关系”、“应急预案与应急演练的关系”、“演练内容与演练形式的关系”、“演练中‘演’与‘练’的关系”。     

Participatory development of incentives to coexist with jaguars and pumas

Reducing costs and increasing benefits for rural communities coexisting with large carnivores is necessary for conservation of jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor). To design acceptable incentives, stakeholders must be involved in the process. We conducted an innovative, structured, group communication process based on a Delphi technique as a template for identifying potential incentives. Community workshops with 133 members of 7 communities and surveys with 25 multidisciplinary experts from government, nongovernmental organizations, and academia provided iterative data to design a plan of incentives through 4 rounds of discussion. The final product integrated 862 ideas into 6 types of incentives: organization of communities, mechanisms for improved dialogue, citizen technical assistance, green labeling for community products, payment for the ecosystem service of biodiversity, and an assessment of financial alternatives. We used quantitative and qualitative techniques to indicate support for decisions about the design of incentives, which reduced researcher subjectivity. The diverse incentives developed and the cooperation from multiple stakeholders resulted in an incentive plan that integrated issues of governance, equity, and social norms.     

The relevance of physical forces on land-use change and planning process

This study analysed the importance of physical forces on land-use change, on the planning framework in a Portuguese periurban area. A temporal matrix showing the trajectories of land transformation was obtained. A multivariate redundancy analysis explored the importance of physical parameters on temporal and spatial land-use change. A content analysis on urban or municipal master plans was made framing the importance of physical parameters on the planning process. The results highlighted a consistent trajectory of profound land-use changes with distinctive trajectories, with increasingly complex patterns with a limited dependence on physical variables. The trajectories were more related to the planning framework, where political actors and planning managers seemed to be most important. A theoretical model balancing three main components – physical forces, actors, and land transformation (DFA-C model) is proposed, reflecting the informal relationships between physical parameters and actors during the planning process.     

Green Lean Six Sigma implementation framework: a case of reducing graphite and dust pollution

ABSTRACT

Modern organisations are in search of initiatives which will enable them to be sustainable as well as gain a competitive advantage. Lean, Six Sigma and Green initiatives are some of the widely used tools which aid the organisation to be sustainable. Recent studies have suggested that the integration of Green and Lean Six Sigma (LSS) will create a powerful methodology and help organisations to be sustainable. Yet, many organisations have found it difficult due to the lack of a generic implementation framework, which can be used for any processes and cultural context. The purpose of this study is to answer the research question: how to implement a sustainable Green LSS initiative in the organisation. Through a critical analysis of previous literature, an implementation framework is developed and practically implemented through a case study to reduce the graphite and dust pollution in a mine in India. Within case analysis, it is conducted to develop propositions, future research directions and managerial implications. This is a first study to develop and practically test a generic implementation Green LSS framework.     

Examining the impacts of disaster resettlement from a livelihood perspective: a case study of Qinling Mountains,China

Disaster resettlement, as a mitigation and preparedness measure, entails significant economic, physical, and social impacts, which continue to challenge understanding of recovery from major events, especially regarding the extent of the context and environmental efforts to rebuild livelihoods. Based on a case study of Qinling Mountains, China, this research investigates the effects of disaster resettlement from a livelihoods perspective. Methodologically, it proposes a framework that combines the pressure–state–response framework and the sustainable livelihoods approach, and it employs a structural equation model to examine how specific factors affect disaster resettlement. The results indicate that conflicts may occur during and after resettlement owing to the difference or disparity between the concerns of resettled peasants and those of the government. Consequently, the risks related to livelihoods need to be taken seriously. Effective risk communication is critical to bridge the gap between different stakeholders. The paper concludes with some practical and policy recommendations.     

天津环保产业行动纲要

本文从天不保产业的实际情况出发,提出了天津环保产业发展的总体目标,总城市污水处理设备等五个重点发展方向和建立完善天津环保产业组织机构等六点行动纲要。     

垦殖后洲滩湿地生态恢复的景观设计途径——以长江新济洲滩为例

长江南京段新济洲滩是一处由心滩不断扩大形成的洲滩湿地,由于人类长期垦殖、修筑垸堤等活动,导致洲滩湿地的景观格局和过程发生根本性改变,湿地生态系统服务退化。从景观生态学的角度出发,参照Steinitz景观设计六步骤模式,构建了描述、过程、评价、改变、评估和决策模型,探讨洲滩湿地的生态恢复途径,指出拆除垸堤、去除人类过分干扰是新济洲滩生态恢复的关键,恢复自然洪水过程、让自然做功、恢复季节性湿地及生境是其基本途径。模拟维持现状、拆除圩堤、拆除防洪堤3种预景,分析不同预景洲滩湿地面积、生物栖息地面积变化,结果表明拆除防洪堤将使洲滩季节性、洪水泛滥湿地面积所占比重分别将由5%、4%增加到56%、24%,长江鱼类、龟鳄类、涉禽类栖息地面积所占比重由7%、11%、5%分别增加到21%、75%、56%。湿地是重要的景观生态系统,利用Steinitz六步骤模式进行生态恢复途径的探讨,对其他湿地生态恢复的规划和设计也有重要的借鉴意义