基于因子分析法的庐山文化遗产旅游竞争力评价研究

文化遗产是我国遗产资源最重要的组成部分之一,发展文化遗产旅游对文化遗产的开发与保护有着至关重要的影响,研究文化遗产旅游竞争力是为了更好地发展文化遗产旅游.从影响文化遗产旅游竞争力的因素着手,构建了文化遗产旅游竞争力的综合评价指标体系,运用因子分析法对其进行定量评价,结合庐山进行实例分析,建立相应的综合评价模型,提出了提升庐山文化遗产旅游竞争力的建议.     

Work-related injury and ill-health among mountain instructors in the UK

In most industrialised countries, work-related injury and ill-health presents a major burden to society. Musculoskeletal disorders and stress are the most common reported illness types with those working in some industries more at risk than others. This study aimed to understand the occupational health issues of those working as mountain instructors in the outdoor sector within the UK and to identify the cultural norms and behaviours among this unique occupational group which influence health. Semi-structured, telephone interviews were conducted with 20 qualified mountaineers to gain information on work-related injury and ill-health. The majority of interviewees reported a current work-related musculoskeletal problem. Key factors were identified which prevented effective rehabilitation, including; a ‘macho’ attitude among young instructors, self-imposed extended working hours/days and mismanagement of injuries. Self-employed instructors reported that sick leave after a minor injury or illness was not financially viable. Work-related issues leading to stress were also reported.     

乡村旅游诱导下农户能源消费模式的演变——基于六盘山生态旅游区的农户调查分析

以旅游业为主要产业业态的乡村已经成为我国乡村发展转型的4种类型之一。显然,乡村旅游业的发展必然会对乡村农户能源消费模式产生深远的影响。研究以六盘山生态旅游区农户调查数据为基础,从农户人均能源消费总量、结构以及最终消费用途为切入点,探讨了乡村旅游诱导下农户家庭能源消费模式演变的问题。结果表明:在能源消费总量上,乡村旅游农户家庭人均能源消费显著增加,比传统农户高42.96%,达到707.35 kgce。在消费结构上,乡村旅游农户商品能源占主导地位,新型能源(太阳能)广泛采用,传统能源比重逐渐降低,三者的比例93.10 ∶5.15 ∶1.75,而传统农户比例是46.30 ∶0.48 ∶53.22。在能源最终用途上,乡村旅游农户生活用能(炊事、取暖、家电、交通、热水、照明)总量大幅度增加,而与传统农业生产耗能有关的饲养和农机耗能已基本消失。传统农户能源耗能仍局限于炊事、取暖、饲养等基本的生产生活方面,与生活享受相关的家电、照明、热水、交通仍处于较低水平。研究还表明,农户能源消费模式的转变主要受家庭生产方式、农户用能方式、农户人均收入以及主观认知等因素的影响。在乡村旅游发展诱导下,六盘山生态旅游区乡村家庭农户能源消费正经历着由内向型"生活-生产系统"内部自循环模式向外向型"生活-旅游系统"外部输入型模式的转变。     

冻融对长白山森林土壤碳氮矿化的影响

长白山地区秋末春初常常存在冻融过程,冻融过程影响土壤水分分布而改变土壤理化性质。通过室内模拟实验,研究了冻融过程（-20~15℃）对长白山阔叶红松（Pinus koraiensis）林和白桦（Betula platyphylla）林土壤有机碳和氮矿化过程的影响。结果表明,经过3次冻融循环,冻融处理土壤矿化速率显著高于对照处理,但经过多次冻融循环过程,冻融处理抑制土壤有机碳矿化过程,对照处理土壤有机碳矿化速率高于冻融处理（P=0.019）。在培养结束后,冻融处理的阔叶红松林和白桦林土壤无机氮质量分数,分别是对照处理的1.88倍和1.96倍;冻融次数也是影响土壤有机氮矿化的一个重要因素,35次冻融循环后,阔叶红松林和白桦林土壤中无机氮分别提高了2.10倍和2.81倍。冻融循环促进了土壤有机氮的矿化,有利于土壤中有效氮的累积,为春季植物生长提供足够的氮素,但也潜在增加了土壤中无机氮流失的风险。     

昆嵛山盐肤木RhuschinensisMill．群落特征及其物种多样性

根据野外典型样方调查结果,以群落植物种类组成、群落外貌特征、群落垂直结构特征、群落多样性几项指标,分析山东半岛昆嵛山国家级自然保护区盐肤木Rhuschinensis群落特征。结果表明：盐肤木群落共出现种子植物66种,隶属于32科57属。在盐肤木群落属的区系组成中,群落植物主要由温带区系和热带区系成分组成,其中温带植物属占显著优势,其次为热带分布属,说明该群落具有明显的温带性质,并具有过渡特征。群落层次分明,有乔木层、灌木层、草本层3个层次,各层次的优势种依次为盐肤木和赤松Pinusdensiflora、麻栎Quercusacutissima、披针叶苔草Carexlanceolata。盐肤木群落的物种多样性由高到低依次为灌木层、乔木层、草本层,低均匀度导致物种丰富度最高的草本层具有最低的物种多样性。调查显示盐肤木幼苗幼树多,自我更新良好,群落处于稳定增长状态。通过对群落特征和物种多样性的研究,揭示了昆嵛山盐肤木群落的自然生态规律,为保护和开发利用盐肤木提供了科学依据。     

神农架大九湖泥炭地碳储量估算及固碳能力研究

通过对神农架大九湖泥炭地进行野外调查和长期观测,采用经验公式和实验室分析方法,计算了神农架大九湖泥炭地土壤有机碳含量和有机碳储量,并对2016-2018年神农架大九湖泥炭地的固碳能力特征进行了分析.结果 表明:在0～100 cm深度范围内,神农架大九湖泥炭地土壤有机碳含量的变化范围为282.90～516.10 g/kg...     

桂林尧山地区20年生桉树林土壤呼吸昼夜变化特征

以桂林尧山地区20年生桉树林为研究对象,于2013年1—11月,分春、夏、秋和冬4个季节对土壤呼吸速率及环境因子日变化进行24 h的动态监测。结果表明:(1)20年生桉树林土壤呼吸具有明显日变化特征,呈单峰或双峰曲线形式。4季土壤呼吸速率均在17:00—19:00达最大值,在次日05:00—09:00达最小值。白天土壤呼吸速率变化较大,夜间变化较小;(2)4个季节土壤总呼吸速率之间存在显著差异(P0.05),从大到小依次为夏、春、秋和冬季,自养呼吸贡献率从大到小依次为春、冬、夏和秋季;(3)土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸速率与土壤温度均呈显著正相关关系(P0.01),土壤温度分别可解释土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸变化的64.18%、15.43%和83.58%;(4)土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸速率与土壤含水量间呈显著正相关关系(P0.01),土壤含水量在一定范围内对土壤呼吸起促进作用。     

Mountain environment and population in Georgia: case study of Upper Svaneti

The purpose of the presented research is to identify local community opinions toward ecological problems in one of the mountainous region of Georgia (Upper Svaneti), to analyze how population ‘perceive, experience, and interpret’ the social, and ecological issues.

The paper is based on the results of Upper Svanet ipopulation’s survey which was carried out by the authors of presented paper during the August of 2015 and 2016.The questionnaire was elaborated taking into account the peculiarities of the region. Stratified-cluster selection method was used for selection of respondents and database compilation. For statistical analysis of polling data the SPSS package was used.

Based on the statistical analysis of survey results, the following issues have been studied: the most important ecological problems, environmental problems with respect to socio-economic ones, information sources on ecological problems, people’s trust in environmental issues, awareness level of the population on environmental policy, their personal contribution in environmental protection, ways to solve ecological problems, implemented environmental measures.

The obtained results are important to foster mountain population’s active participation in processes that contribute to decision-making processes, planning and implementing programs for sustainable development.     

秦岭北坡森林公园空气负离子资源的开发利用

基于已有的观测资料,分析了秦岭北坡森林公园空气负离子的分布特点,并对各森林公园的区位特性进行了评价,指出开发利用秦岭北坡森林公园空气负离子资源的必要性、可行性、存在的问题与对策.     

大围山区野生蔬菜资源及其开发利用

对大围山区野生蔬菜资源调查结果表明:区内现有野生蔬菜隶属于叶菜类、茎芽类、块根类、花菜类、果类、种子类、食用菌类、竹笋类、葱蒜类9大类,共计220余种.阐述了大围山区野生蔬菜资源开发利用现状,提出了开发与保护对策.