长江流域经济发展的省际差异与变化趋势

长江流域上中下游各省经济发展存在巨大差距，这是历史长期发展不平衡的产物，也与近几十年发展速度不同有关。分析当前各省社会固定资产总投资量，投资构成，投资效益和产业结构的差异，可以预见，流域内发达省份与欠发达省份的发展差距将进一步扩大。     

从河流网系整体出发开发整治长江流域

长江是我国最大的河流,干流长6300km,流域面积180万 km~2,占全国国土面积的1/5。整个流域大部分位于湿润亚热带地区,具有丰富的自然资源,工农业产值占全国的45%,是我国最发达的地区。但流域内地区发展很不平衡,下游地区的发展超过中游和上游,干流沿岸城市的发展超过丘陵山区。因此,从河流网系整体出发,均衡开发长江流域很有必要。     

长江流域可持续发展综合分析与评价

本文分析了长江流域经济社会发展的基本态势以及存在的问题 ,研究了流域可持续发展中的资源环境因素 ,并且提出了进行流域可持续发展评价的指标体系以及评价方法 ,对近年来长江流域各地区可持续发展状况分别进行了评价 ,并在此基础上 ,提出了促进长江流域可持续发展的主要对策措施     

乌江流域（四川部分）水土流失及其防治对策

根据径流场观测材料、调查资料及历史事实,论述了乌江流域(四川部分)的水土流失现状、特点、危害及导致水土流失的自然因素和人为因素。针对该流域水土流失特点和原因提出了防治对策。     

Environmental awareness and biodiversity conservation among resettled communal farmers in Gwayi Valley Conservation Area,Zimbabwe

This study was conducted in Gwayi Valley Conservation Area in Zimbabwe. The objective was to evaluate the level of environmental awareness raising among rural communities resettled by government in a wildlife conservation area and their behavior and actions towards biodiversity conservation. We selected three communities based on the degree of exposure to environmental awareness campaigns by various government departments and non-governmental organizations. This formed a gradient of exposure to environmental awareness campaigns, ranging from the most accessible and exposed community (Hangano), moderately exposed (Gwayi) through to the least accessible and exposed community (Karna). We used focus group discussions, key informant interviews and structured interviews with 95 respondents in the selected communities from November 2016 to April 2017. Through public awareness raising, a number of conservation groups were established including fire and hunting committees, anti-poaching teams and environmental resource monitors. While these groups were found to be either inactive or less effective in Gwayi and Karna, all were found to be very active and effective in Hangano. Similarly, community behavior and actions that caused biodiversity loss such as indiscriminate cutting of live trees, poaching, streambank cultivation, fishing in rivers with nets and use of sledges were much reduced in Hangano than in Gwayi and Karna. Frequent environmental awareness campaigns played a critical role in promoting biodiversity in Hangano. We conclude that substantial gains can be made in environmental conservation by investing more in public awareness campaigns, particularly in developing countries such as Zimbabwe where financial resources for conservation are scarce.     

九寨沟主要植物群落生物量的空间分布

研究了九寨沟自然保护区主要植物群落的生物量以及生物量在九寨沟的空间分布格局 ,并用群落的总生物量量度不同群落在九寨沟陆生生态系统中的相对重要性 .在野外实地调查中 ,采取皆伐法测定了乔木群落林下层以及灌丛和草甸群落的地上部分生物量 ;对样方中乔木的胸径、树高进行了测量 ,利用经验公式估算乔木层的生物量 .研究结果表明 ,所有群落中生物量最大的为亚高山暗针叶林 ,平均为 380thm-2 左右 ,总生物量亦占了整个九寨沟生物量总量的 90 %以上 ,为九寨沟陆地生态系统中最重要的植物群落 ;高山草甸和流石滩植被生物量最小 ,平均为 1thm-2以下 .整个九寨沟的总生物量约为 8.3× 10 6t,平均生产力大于 5 .89thm-2 a-1.垂直分布上 ,生物量一般随海拔的升高而增加 ,在halt=30 0 0m以上达到最大值 ,之后则随海拔的升高而急剧下降 ,这种分布格局与土壤、气候、人类干扰等各种环境因素密切相关 .与全国平均水平相比 ,九寨沟几乎所有类型的群落的平均生物量都要高于全国同类群落的平均水平 .图 3表 4参 18     

IS支持下水质模型的应用

地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ） 是集计算机科学、地球科学、信息科学为一体的高新技术。目前,ＧＩＳ技术已广泛用于资源管理、环境监测、环境评价、灾害评估、区域流域环境规划等众多领域,已成为国内外环境管理的有效决策支持工具。本文介绍了ＧＩＳ技术在金华江流域水污染控制决策方面的应用, 其中重点介绍了在ＧＩＳ支持下,金华江流域水污染决策模型（ 水质模型） 的建立、程序设计和实现     

长江流域近50年来的气温变化特征

分析了1951~2000年长江流域（上、中、下游）的平均气温、平均日最低气温、平均日最高气温随时间的变化趋势特征。结果表明：长江流域近50年来年平均气温、年平均日最低气温、年平均日最高气温在20世纪50年代明显偏高,60~80年代波动下降,80年代中后期以后有所上升,90年代较80年代增温0.3℃~0.6℃之间;同时不同季节、不同区域气温呈现不同的态势,冬季平均气温、平均日最低气温在60年代以后呈上升趋势,而平均日最高气温呈下降趋势,夏季平均气温、平均日最低气温、平均日最高气温均以降温为主。     

道路干扰对澜沧江流域景观格局的影响

道路交通在促进人类社会经济发展的同时,也给生态环境带来了诸多影响。研究道路交通的干扰强度、空间格局及其影响,对保护自然环境、维持生态系统健康意义重大。研究基于道路等级、道路所处的环境特征等因素构建道路干扰指数,定量评价了澜沧江流域道路网络的干扰强度,系统分析了流域道路干扰的空间格局特征及其对流域景观的影响。结果表明,澜沧江流域道路网络干扰程度存在明显的区域分异,中游和下游地区明显大于上游地区。流域道路干扰域为边界复杂的不规则多边形,呈现出以离散的强干扰区域为中心,干扰强度向外围逐渐减弱的空间格局。对比不同等级道路干扰域内的景观格局及其变化特征发现,耕地和建设用地等代表人类活动的景观集中分布于道路强干扰区域内,并且强干扰区域内景观组分的变化幅度远大于低干扰区域。从上述分析结果可以看出,道路对其沿线景观格局的变化具有很强的驱动作用,流域道路发展应避开生态环境敏感区域。     

Entomotoxic effect of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) under laboratory conditions

The use of higher dosage and repeated applications of conventional pesticides have led to the rapid development of insect resistance to pesticide and adverse effects on human health and environment. Accordingly, researchers are prompted to identify an alternative entomotoxic agent for crop protection. Nanocides are being considered as alternatives to conventional insecticides because they are expected to lessen the application rate and reduce the chances of resistance development in pests. In this study, we evaluated the entomotoxic effects of nanosilica on larvae of Plutella xylostella, in a laboratory by using dust spray, larva dipping, leaf dipping, and solution spray methods. Dust treatment showed a more highly significant effect than the other three treatments. The mortality percentage increased up to 58% and 85% at 24 and 72 h after treatment, respectively, when nanosilica was applied at a rate of 1 mg cm^?2. In all four bioassays, mortality rate increased with both increased time after nanosilica exposure and increased concentration. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images showed that larval death was due to desiccation, body wall abrasion, and spiracle blockage. These results suggested that nanosilica can be an alternative to conventional pesticides if dust formulation would be properly used.