基于因子分析的黄河流域人居环境评价

通过构建包括居住条件,城镇生态环境,城镇基础设施及城镇经济发展水平4大综合指标的人居环境评价的指标体系,应用因子分析法对黄河流域的18个县城人居环境进行分析与评价。结果表明,经济发展水平是影响黄河流域城镇人居环境的核心因子,流域各县城的人居环境质量差异较大,十个县城综合得分低于平均水平。流域城镇整体人居环境水平有待提高。并针对各个县城人居环境中存在的问题,提出了相应的优化对策。     

淮河流域污染治理的思考

淮河流域工业污染源达标排放工作已取得成功。这将为其他流域污染治理提供经验。分析淮河流域污染治理工作中遇到的困难，总结成功经验，并对使淮河水体变清的方法与途径进行了研究和分析。     

长江中下游、浙西地区的上石炭统

本文系统阐述了区内上石炭统地层的分布范围、岩性特征、厚度变化及所含生物群面貌。     

东川小江流域生态环境与可持续发展

小江流域生态环境恶劣、泥石流灾害严重。为此，必须全面规划、控制人口，建设生态保障体系，控制水土流失和砂石化发展，加快综合治理步伐，改善生态环境，走可持续发展的道路。     

Official and folk flood warning systems: An assessment

Recent floods in West Bengal, India, focused public attention on the inadequacies of the flood warning system. This study examines some socioeconomic constraints on the communication of flood warning messages. It then looks at perceptions of, and responses by, villagers in a flood-prone region of West Bengal to official and folk flood warnings.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.     

金沙江河谷大气二氧化碳浓度变化特征及影响因子

大气CO₂是重要的温室气体,其浓度变化与气候变化、植物生长、人类活动等密切相关.为了解高原地区近自然状态下大气CO₂浓度变化及其影响因子,选取气象要素变化较明显、人为干扰较少的金沙江河谷为研究对象,在谷底江岸边的稀树草坪上设置观测点,对大气CO₂浓度和主要气象要素进行连续对照观测,经数据计算并采用Pearson相关系数对其相关性进行分析.结果表明:①研究区大气c（CO₂）日变化和年变化均具有波动性,日最高值（316.2 μmol/L）和最低值（291.0 μmol/L）分别出现在09:00和13:00左右,年最高值（338.9 μmol/L）和最低值（228.5 μmol/L）分别出现在10月和7月;季节性变化呈春、夏两季低于秋、冬两季的特征.②研究区大气c（CO₂）与温度呈显著负相关（r=-0.97,P < 0.01）,即白天温度高而大气c（CO₂）低,夜间温度低而大气c（CO₂）高.研究区大气c（CO₂）与相对湿度呈显著正相关（r=0.97,P < 0.01）,00:00-07:00大气c（CO₂）和相对湿度均缓慢上升,09:00-12:00大气c（CO₂）和相对湿度均快速下降.研究区大气c（CO₂）与风速呈显著负相关（r=-0.93,P < 0.01）,其与风对大气c（CO₂）有扩散作用相关;不同季节大气c（CO₂）最高值或最低值所对应的风向有所不同.研究显示,金沙江河谷大气c（CO₂）的时间变化特征明显,其与温度、相对湿度、风速、风向等气象要素的变化密切相关.      

外源硅对土壤镉吸附特性的影响

通过吸附等温试验,研究了不同加入量的硅对两种水田土壤吸附镉特性的影响。实验中调节介质的pH值至中性,从而消除了因硅酸盐的加入对土壤pH产生的影响。结果表明:在硅的加入量相同时,pH值较低的土壤对镉的吸附量要低于pH值较高的土壤;镉的加入质量浓度为0～50mg·L-1时,应用Freundlich方程拟合土壤对镉的吸附等温线效果最好;外源硅的加入量在0～120mg·L-1范围内时,随硅的加入量的增加土壤对镉的吸附量会有不同程度的降低。由此推断,对于以往研究发现的外源硅能够降低土壤镉的有效性、缓解植物的镉毒害作用,并非是促进了土壤对镉的吸附,而是可能存在着其他机制,这有待于进一步研究。     

云南怒江流域可持续发展对策研究

论述了云南怒江流域可持续发展的战略意义 ,分析了该区域生态经济格局与资源环境特征 ,并提出了怒江流域可持续发展的对策建议。     

Environmental Contaminants in Blood, Hair, and Tissues of Ocelots from the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, 1986–1997

The ocelot (Felis pardalis) isan endangered neotropical cat distributed within asmall range in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), inTexas, U.S.A. Studies of the impacts of environmentalcontaminants in wild cats are few. Approximately onefourth of the estimated population (about 100) ofocelots in the LRGV was sampled to evaluate theimpacts of chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinatedbiphenyls, and trace elements on the population. Hairwas collected from 32 ocelots trapped between 1986–1992,and blood was collected from 20 ocelots trappedbetween 1993–1997. A few blood samples were obtainedfrom individuals recaptured two or three times. Tissue samples from 4 road-killed ocelots were alsoanalyzed. DDE, PCBs, and Hg were some of the mostcommon contaminants detected in hair and blood. MeanHg levels in hair ranged from 0.5 to 1.25 g g^-1 dw,Se from 1.5 to 3.48 g g^-1 dw, and Pb from 0.56 to26.8 g g^-1 dw. Mean DDE concentrations in plasma ranged from 0.005 g g^-1 ww to 0.153 g g^-1 ww, and PCBs ranged from 0.006 g g^-1 ww to 0.092 g g^-1 ww. Mean Hg levels in red blood cells rangedfrom 0.056 g g^-1 dw to 0.25 g g^-1 dw. Concentrations of DDE, PCBs, or Hg, did not increasesignificantly with age, although the highestconcentrations of DDE and Hg were found in olderanimals. Overall, concentrations of DDE, PCBs, and Hgwere low and at levels that currently do not pose anythreat to health or survival of the ocelot. This isfurther supported by good reproduction of the ocelotin the LRGV, where adult females averaged about 1.5kittens/litter. Thus, it seems that the current majorthreat to recovery of the ocelot in the LRGV may behabitat loss, although potential impacts of newgeneration pesticides, such as organophosphorus andcarbamate insecticides need further study.     

水中亚硝酸根的现场测定及在地下水污染调查中的应用

以对氨基苯磺酸为重氮组分,α-萘胺为显色剂,采用便携式分光光度计,建立了环境水体中亚硝酸盐氮的现场快速测定方法,并将其用于玛纳斯河流域地下水污染调查评价。结果表明:亚硝酸盐氮在0.010~0.200 mg/L时有良好的线性关系,方法检出限为0.003 mg/L,加标回收率(n=5)为90.0%~104.0%,相对标准偏差为0.54%~1.27%,测定结果能够准确反映不同位置环境水体中亚硝酸盐的污染程度。该方法测试成本低,操作简便、快捷,尤其适用于地表水及地下水水质污染调查评价及污染事故的应急监测分析等领域。