长江流域与长江沿江经济带的特点及应研究的问题

长江流域在中国的经济发展上具有举足轻重的地位,其自然经济特点明显,应从整体上和阶段上研究其开发利用问题。长江经济带是中国经济发展的主轴,要重视长江经济带的生产力合理布局问题,同时一头要联系资源开发,一头要联系环境整治的研究。     

赣江流域系统特征与工业开发模式

依据赣江流域的系统特征,选择工业开发模式,是地域经济发展的战略核心问题。推进资源有效利用与高度利用,优势产品开发与替代产品开发,实现经济发展趋于由下游而上游的资源型—加工型—技术型产业结构指向的有序转化,资源开发与国土冶理趋于由上游而下游的生态经济良性循环,为赣江流域工业开发模式的基本要点。     

我国环境保护形势和“十五”的工作思路

阐述了当前我国环境保护工作的形势 ,并针对“十五”环保目标、重点地区和流域以及“十五”环保工作的主要任务和保障措施做了较为详尽的说明     

实现沈阳市辽河流域水质目标的措施与对策

辽河是国家重点治理的三条河流之一，要实现辽河流域水质控制目标必须采取集中控制和流内控制相结合、浓度控制和总量控制相结合的措施，在源内控制方面则应采取分类定位，通过清洁生产、调整产品结构、污染全过程控制和未端治理多项措施实现污染物浓度达标排放和排污总量零增长．     

水磨河流域有机氯农药污染调查及防治对策

在对水磨河流域实地勘察的基础上,用GC-ECD定量测定了乌鲁木齐市水磨河底泥中有机氯农药HCHs和DDTs的含量,以此来了解水磨河有机氯农药污染情况。结果表明,样品中HCHs和DDTs含量分别为0.107~111.690和0.476~66.512ng/g,其检出率为100%,说明该流域已经普遍受到有机氯农药污染。针对目前的污染现状提出相应的治理措施,以减轻水磨河有机氯农药的污染。     

APPLICATION OF LINEAR SYSTEM'S THEORY AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING TO GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT IN KANSAS1

ABSTRACT: A ground water management model based on the linear systems theory and the use of linear programming is formulated and solved. The model maximizes the total amount of pound water that can be pumped from the system subject to the physical capability of the system and institutional constraints. The results are compared With analytical and numerical solutions. Then, this model is applied to the Pawnee Valley area of south-central Kansas. The results of this application support the previous studies about the future ground water resources of the Valley. These results provide a guide for the ground water resources management of the area over the next ten years.     

REGIONAL SEWERING AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE SOUTHERN SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY1

ABSTRACT: Sewage effluent is commonly disposed of on land in arid regions, and the majority usually recharges the groundwater. Few evaluations have been made of the effect of effluent disposal on groundwater quality in the west. Groundwater hydrologists are rarely involved with treatment plant design and operation or effluent disposal in the San Joaquin Valley, California. The author's purpose is to evaluate the effect of regional sewering programs on groundwater quality in this valley. Research was conducted on past studies of sewage effluent disposal. An extensive water sampling program was undertaken near the Fresno Sewage Treatment Plant. Chloride contents were used to trace recharged effluent. The extent of recharged effluent was delineated and traced for about ten miles. Sampling between the plant and the urban Fresno area indicated a high probability of large-scale leakage of raw sewage into the groundwater.     

西蒙得木对金沙江干热河谷生态保护的作用

金沙江干热河谷生态条件恶劣，水土流失严重，对长江流域中下游特别是三峡大坝存在着极大的负面影响。治理长江流域，保护三峡大坝的重要源头是金沙江干热河谷的生态环境建设。西蒙得木生长的生态环境与金沙江干热河谷的生态环境非常相似，并且西蒙得木具有极高的经济价值，因此在金沙江干热河谷种植西蒙得木，既能改良生态环境，又能发展当地经济。     

基于MATLAB的湘江流域工业固体废物灰色预测

对灰色预测原理及其建模步骤作了系统介绍。借助MATLAB软件建立等维灰数递补残差修正动态模型预测湘江流域未来10年工业固体废物年产量,以期为湘江流域今后工业固体废物的管理、污染防治工作提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)用此模型进行预测,相对误差均在5%以下,预测精度较高,取得了较理想的预测效果;(2)湘江流域未来10年工业固体废物年产量预测值呈指数趋势增长,年增长率为8%～12%,到2016年湘江流域工业固体废物年产量预计将达到7645.01万t。     

Prediction and minimization of vertical migration of DNAPLS using surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation at neutral buoyancy

Surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) had previously been thought to require a capillary barrier below the contaminated zone to prevent the vertical migration of a microemulsion containing solubilized DNAPL. This paper shows the vertical migration of the dense microemulsion is described and predicted by the value of three dimensionless scaling groups. Embedded within these scaling groups are four design parameters. The value of these parameters can be manipulated in order to reduce the amount of vertical migration anticipated for a given remediation design. Plots have been constructed that illustrate the relationship between vertical migration and the value of the scaling groups; such plots can be used to predict vertical migration and to determine appropriate screen intervals of extraction wells to ensure full capture of the contaminants. This predictive capability has been verified in laboratory experiments. Predicted migration of the microemulsion agreed within about 2% of that observed. Development of the scaling groups is presented, remediation design implications are discussed, and laboratory verification is shown. Additional discussion of the laboratory work is given in a companion paper [Kostarelos, K., Pope, G.A., Rouse, B.A., Shook, G.M., 1998. A new concept: the use of neutrally-buoyant microemulsions for DNAPL remediation, J. Contam. Hydro., this edition].