辽河流域水诱发蚕豆根尖细胞遗传损伤的研究

以辽河流域12个不同断面的河水为诱变剂,运用蚕豆根尖微核检测技术和染色体畸变实验方法,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数、微核率和染色体畸变率。结果表明:不同断面的河水均能降低蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数,能诱发较高频率的微核和染色体畸变,产生染色体断片、核突起和核碎裂。所有样点微核率和染色体畸变率均高于对照组。根据采样点水质污染指数分析可知,福德店水质属重度污染,东辽河、条子河、红庙子水质属中度污染,招苏台河水质属轻度污染。     

Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California’s Central Valley1

Saleh, Dina K., David L. Lorenz, and Joseph L. Domagalski, 2010. Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California’s Central Valley. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 00(0):1‐11. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00506.x Abstract: Mass loadings were calculated for four pesticides in two watersheds with different land uses in the Central Valley, California, by using two parametric models: (1) the Seasonal Wave model (SeaWave), in which a pulse signal is used to describe the annual cycle of pesticide occurrence in a stream, and (2) the Sine Wave model, in which first‐order Fourier series sine and cosine terms are used to simulate seasonal mass loading patterns. The models were applied to data collected during water years 1997 through 2005. The pesticides modeled were carbaryl, diazinon, metolachlor, and molinate. Results from the two models show that the ability to capture seasonal variations in pesticide concentrations was affected by pesticide use patterns and the methods by which pesticides are transported to streams. Estimated seasonal loads compared well with results from previous studies for both models. Loads estimated by the two models did not differ significantly from each other, with the exceptions of carbaryl and molinate during the precipitation season, where loads were affected by application patterns and rainfall. However, in watersheds with variable and intermittent pesticide applications, the SeaWave model is more suitable for use on the basis of its robust capability of describing seasonal variation of pesticide concentrations.     

岷江干旱河谷甜樱桃发展优势及栽培技术研究

岷江上游干旱河谷特有的生态环境条件适宜发展优质特色水果.甜樱桃作为该区域新兴特色水果之一,近5年来发展面积已超过了400hm2.甜樱桃的引种和规模化栽培表明,岷江上游干旱河谷区发展优质、高产甜樱桃具有独特的优势.总结了岷江干旱河谷栽培甜樱桃的成熟技术和管理措施,探讨了发展甜樱桃的巨大潜力,同时对存在的问题进行了分析,以期为汶川地震灾害农业产业的恢复重建和结构调整提出新的思路.     

本地源尘污染成因的模式分析

对河门口片区污染源进行调查,采用经验证后表明适合攀枝花地区的山谷模式,对河门口片区的尘污染现状成因进行分析,研究了污染物种类、重点污染源类别、主要污染行业对片区内各控制点的影响,发现由于受山区地形影响,片区内各控制点污染状况受相邻污染源影响较大.     

How conservation and humanitarian groups respond to production of border security on the Arizona–Sonora border

US policies for securing the border with Mexico are driven by multiple political concerns, including the desire to control illegal trade and immigration in a way that conveys “border security” to a national audience. Highly visible border enforcement near urban centres and via the border fence has pushed migrants into far less visible and remote wilderness areas, driving both ecological degradation and a humanitarian crisis. This study employed ethnographic methods to explore how natural resource agency employees and humanitarian volunteers in Altar Valley Arizona perceived and responded to the production of border security. We found that both groups recognised human rights and environmental concerns, although they assigned different priorities and addressed them through conflicting means. As in other cases where consumers are separated from production practices, there was a general consensus among informants that it was important to raise the consciousness of the national audience about the negative externalities of producing border security.     

Views of Private-Land Stewardship among Latinos on the Texas–Tamaulipas Border

Successful conservation efforts require understanding predictors of private-land stewardship (PLS), its definitions, and what people feel they owe stewardship responsibility to. Various strands of research have touched on the concept, but there is little research focusing on how it is communicated and enacted among the lay public, especially among Latinos. We used a case study in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas to address this gap by identifying and assessing Latino views of PLS. Our results indicate positive relationships between self-identification as a land steward, male gender, and agricultural-land ownership. Respondents associated PLS with property maintenance (60%), natural-resource conservation (14%), and addressing pollution problems (21%). They viewed PLS as a responsibility owed to family rather than to a larger community.     

Biological silicon nanoparticles improve Phaseolus vulgaris L. yield and minimize its contaminant contents on a heavy metals-contaminated saline soil

The synthesis of biological silicon nano-particles (Bio-Si-NPs) is an eco-friendly and low-cost method. There is no study focusing on the effect of Bio-Si-NPs on the plants grown on saline soil contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, an attempt was made to synthesis Bio-Si-NPs using potassium silica florid substrate, and the identified Aspergillus tubingensis AM11 isolate that separated from distribution systems of the potable water. A two-year field trial was conducted to compare the protective effects of Bio-Si-NPs (2.5 and 5.0 mmol/L) and potassium silicate (10 mmol/L) as a foliar spray on the antioxidant defense system, physio-biochemical components, and the contaminants contents of Phaseolus vulgaris L. grown on saline soil contaminated with heavy metals. Our findings showed that all treatments of Bio-Si-NPs and potassium silicate significantly improved plant growth and production, chlorophylls, carotenoids, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, membrane stability index, relative water content, free proline, total soluble sugars, N, P, K, Ca²⁺, K⁺/Na⁺, and the activities of peroxidase, catalase, ascorbic peroxidase and superoxide oxide dismutase. Application of Bio-Si-NPs and potassium silicate significantly decreased electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, H₂O₂, O₂^??, Na⁺, Pb, Cd, and Ni in leaves and pods of Phaseolus vulgaris L. compared to control. Bio-Si-NPs were more effective compared to potassium silicate. Application of Bio-Si-NPs at the rate of 5 mmol/L was the recommended treatment to enhance the performance and reduce heavy metals content on plants grown on contaminated saline soils.     

广州流溪河流域典型农业集水区降雨径流污染物输出特征分析

选取广州市流溪河流域典型农业集水区--新田小流域为研究对象,对研究区降雨地表径流进行定点监测,探讨降雨-径流条件下农业非点源污染物的动态变化规律和不同利用类型的地表景观对非点源污染的贡献情况.结果表明:在降雨事件下,污染物输出浓度总体上高于日常非降雨条件的污染物浓度,T-N、T-P和CODCr的平均输出浓度分别是非降雨条件下的3.8倍、7.8倍和32.1倍;整个降雨-径流过程中,降雨初期是非点源污染物流失的高峰期,污染物浓度变化总体趋势滞后于降雨强度的变化,但与径流量变化趋势总体上相似;从不同地表景观径流产污来看,经生活区的径流CODCr输出浓度显著上升,水田田面径流是引起水体环境N、P污染的主要原因.     

Sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification processes for drinking water treatment: elimination of excess sulfate production and alkalinity requirement

The activity of copper oxide, titanium carbide and silicon nitride nanoparticles for the oxidative degradation of environmentally relevant concentrations (μg L⁻¹ range) of enrofloxacin - an important veterinary antibiotic drug - in aqueous solutions was investigated. With hydrogen peroxide as an oxidative agent, both copper oxide and titanium carbide decrease the concentration of enrofloxacin by more than 90% over 12 h. Addition of sodium halide salts strongly increases the reaction rate of copper oxide nanoparticles. The mechanism for the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was investigated by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR).     

黄河流域县城人居环境比较研究

在参阅和比较国内人居环境评价指标体系的基础上,以黄河上游、中游、下游流域的对比为前提,对黄河沿线16个县城和两个县级市进行分析,依据以人为本、科学性、代表性、可操作性等原则选取人居环境评价指标,构架黄河流域县城人居环境评价指标体系。运用因子分析法处理指标数据,并从不同流域县城的各单项公因子得分及综合得分的比较中,得出县城的发展现状,针对各个县城发展的优劣势给出不同的优化建议。