三峡水利工程与长江流域生态环境建设和农业持续发展

本文简述了三峡水利工程对长江流域,特别是库区及中、下游地区资源、生态与环境的影响,并提出了持续农业与生态环境建设的措施与对策,以便更好地发挥三峡工程的综合效益。     

长江流域与长江沿江经济带的特点及应研究的问题

长江流域在中国的经济发展上具有举足轻重的地位,其自然经济特点明显,应从整体上和阶段上研究其开发利用问题。长江经济带是中国经济发展的主轴,要重视长江经济带的生产力合理布局问题,同时一头要联系资源开发,一头要联系环境整治的研究。     

APPLICATION OF LINEAR SYSTEM'S THEORY AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING TO GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT IN KANSAS1

ABSTRACT: A ground water management model based on the linear systems theory and the use of linear programming is formulated and solved. The model maximizes the total amount of pound water that can be pumped from the system subject to the physical capability of the system and institutional constraints. The results are compared With analytical and numerical solutions. Then, this model is applied to the Pawnee Valley area of south-central Kansas. The results of this application support the previous studies about the future ground water resources of the Valley. These results provide a guide for the ground water resources management of the area over the next ten years.     

REGIONAL SEWERING AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE SOUTHERN SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY1

ABSTRACT: Sewage effluent is commonly disposed of on land in arid regions, and the majority usually recharges the groundwater. Few evaluations have been made of the effect of effluent disposal on groundwater quality in the west. Groundwater hydrologists are rarely involved with treatment plant design and operation or effluent disposal in the San Joaquin Valley, California. The author's purpose is to evaluate the effect of regional sewering programs on groundwater quality in this valley. Research was conducted on past studies of sewage effluent disposal. An extensive water sampling program was undertaken near the Fresno Sewage Treatment Plant. Chloride contents were used to trace recharged effluent. The extent of recharged effluent was delineated and traced for about ten miles. Sampling between the plant and the urban Fresno area indicated a high probability of large-scale leakage of raw sewage into the groundwater.     

基于MATLAB的湘江流域工业固体废物灰色预测

对灰色预测原理及其建模步骤作了系统介绍。借助MATLAB软件建立等维灰数递补残差修正动态模型预测湘江流域未来10年工业固体废物年产量,以期为湘江流域今后工业固体废物的管理、污染防治工作提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)用此模型进行预测,相对误差均在5%以下,预测精度较高,取得了较理想的预测效果;(2)湘江流域未来10年工业固体废物年产量预测值呈指数趋势增长,年增长率为8%～12%,到2016年湘江流域工业固体废物年产量预计将达到7645.01万t。     

水磨河流域有机氯农药污染调查及防治对策

在对水磨河流域实地勘察的基础上,用GC-ECD定量测定了乌鲁木齐市水磨河底泥中有机氯农药HCHs和DDTs的含量,以此来了解水磨河有机氯农药污染情况。结果表明,样品中HCHs和DDTs含量分别为0.107~111.690和0.476~66.512ng/g,其检出率为100%,说明该流域已经普遍受到有机氯农药污染。针对目前的污染现状提出相应的治理措施,以减轻水磨河有机氯农药的污染。     

我国环境保护形势和“十五”的工作思路

阐述了当前我国环境保护工作的形势 ,并针对“十五”环保目标、重点地区和流域以及“十五”环保工作的主要任务和保障措施做了较为详尽的说明     

赣江流域系统特征与工业开发模式

依据赣江流域的系统特征,选择工业开发模式,是地域经济发展的战略核心问题。推进资源有效利用与高度利用,优势产品开发与替代产品开发,实现经济发展趋于由下游而上游的资源型—加工型—技术型产业结构指向的有序转化,资源开发与国土冶理趋于由上游而下游的生态经济良性循环,为赣江流域工业开发模式的基本要点。     

实现沈阳市辽河流域水质目标的措施与对策

辽河是国家重点治理的三条河流之一，要实现辽河流域水质控制目标必须采取集中控制和流内控制相结合、浓度控制和总量控制相结合的措施，在源内控制方面则应采取分类定位，通过清洁生产、调整产品结构、污染全过程控制和未端治理多项措施实现污染物浓度达标排放和排污总量零增长．     

Effects of the spatial pattern of disturbance on the patch-occupancy dynamics of juniper–pine open woodland

Typically, studies of the disturbance effect on metapopulation dynamics are limited to understanding the effect of habitat loss although, recently, the spatial pattern of the disturbance has been shown to influence dynamics. In this study, we used a stochastic patch-dynamic model to investigate the effects of spatial disturbance patterns on the persistence of an open woodland community of Juniperus spp. and Pinus spp. First, we estimated patch-occupancy dynamics by using the coefficients that best predicted the occupancy observed in 1998 based on occupancy data from 1957. Next, we evaluated the effects of the rate and pattern of the disturbance on the extinction probability. In modeling the disturbance, we considered (1) the degree of disturbance produced by scenarios of complete destruction or degradation (with the potential for recolonization), (2) the overall rate of disturbance, and (3) the spatial autocorrelation of habitat destruction. Twenty 40-year simulations predicted a 25% increase in the number of patches, and when 50% of the habitat was removed, the impact was more pronounced after complete destruction than it was after degradation of the area. Predictions based on scenarios of complete destruction, including random, contiguous, Brownian, and autoregressive noise, demonstrated that the impact of disturbance depends upon the spatial structure of the disturbance regimen. The autocorrelated structure of the disturbance regimen had the greatest impact on patch persistence. Patch-occupancy was higher after 20 40-year simulations when habitat loss was randomly distributed than when it followed an autocorrelated patch destruction, which was simulated using autoregressive noise to produce 50% habitat destruction. In addition, while habitat loss was negatively linearly correlated with patch persistence when habitat destruction was randomly distributed, a dramatic transition shift occurred when habitat destruction was simulated following an autoregressive spatial distribution after a certain threshold of habitat destruction (40% of the actual open woodland habitat). Our study suggests that the spatial patterns of the disturbance should be considered when predicting the consequences of fragmentation and improving management strategies.