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141.
应用模糊综合评价的方法进行环境质量评价,能较传统方法提供更多信息。本文将模糊数学的方法首次应用于贡嘎山景区燕子沟景群区环境质量综合评价,选择线性模糊分布确定隶属函数,并采用标准加权法计算权重因子,以消除评价因子实测浓度的影响。分别采用两类算子模型进行评价,结果均表明评价区总体环境质量属于清洁型。 相似文献
142.
During the 2013 and 2015 Lanzhou International Marathon Events(LIME1 and LIME2),the local government made a significant effort to improve traffic conditions and air quality by implementing traffic restriction measures. To fill the gap in information on the effect of short-period(several hours)traffic control on urban air quality,submicron particle size distributions and meteorological data were measured simultaneously during June 2013 and June 2015 in urban Lanzhou. The number and surface area concentrations of particles in the100–200 nm range declined by 67.2% and 65.0% for LIME1 due to traffic control,while they decreased by 39.2% and 37.1% for LIME2. The impact of traffic restriction on air pollution near the sampling site lagged behind the traffic control period for LIME2. In addition,the effect of traffic restriction on air pollution near the sampling site was dependent on the distance between the relative orientation of the sampling site and traffic-restricted zones,as well as meteorological conditions such as wind direction. The influence of traffic restrictions on the particle concentrations differed for different particle sizes. The size range most affected by traffic restriction was 60–200 and 60–300 nm for number and surface area concentrations in the urban environment,respectively,while for the particle volume concentration it was the 100–600 nm range. This study will provide a basis for implementation of future urban traffic-induced particulate pollution control measures. 相似文献
143.
区域尺度大气颗粒物的同步观测与分析是制定大气污染防治策略的重要途径.为研究伊犁河谷城市群大气颗粒物和水溶性无机离子的空间分布特征,于2021年7月19~29日期间同步采集伊宁市和周边三县大气颗粒物样品,深入分析了PM2.5和PM10中9种水溶性无机离子(WSIIs)的空间分布特征、存在形式和影响因素,并对二次无机颗粒物的形成机制进行了探讨.结果表明,夏季伊犁河谷城市群ρ(PM2.5)和ρ(PM10)均值分别为(23±3)μg ·m-3和(59±7)μg ·m-3,伊宁市受本地工业源和移动源排放影响,导致其PM2.5浓度在区域中最高;伊宁县受扬尘源和地形影响,使其PM10浓度在区域中最高;而霍城县的良好扩散条件使其PM2.5和PM10浓度最低.PM2.5和PM10中WSIIs占比分别介于28.2%~29.9%和16.0%~20.2%之间.4种主要离子(SO42-、NO3-、NH4+和Ca2+)占到WSIIs的90%左右,在PM2.5中浓度大小排序为:SO42->Ca2+>NH4+>NO3-,在PM10中浓度大小排序为:SO42->Ca2+>NO3->NH4+;相关性研究结果显示4个城市SO42-浓度相近主要是由区域输送所致,而Ca2+在PM2.5和PM10中占比高于国内大部分城市反映出伊犁河谷核心区城市受扬尘源的影响较大.PM2.5和PM10中n(NO3-)/n(SO42-)分别为0.78和0.76,表明伊犁河谷受固定源影响大于移动源;4个城市n(NO3-)/n(SO42-)的大小排序为:伊宁市>霍城县>伊宁县>察县,与各城市机动车保有量大小一致,反映出伊宁市受机动车等移动源的影响高于周边三县.二次组分主要以(NH4)2SO4、NH4HSO4和NH4NO3的形式存在,各城市NH4+与SO42-反应后均有盈余,盈余的铵盐在伊宁市主要以NH4NO3存在,与伊宁市较高的NO2浓度有关.夏季PM2.5和PM10中NOR变化幅度分别为0.03~0.10和0.03~0.16,受夏季高温影响导致NO3-二次转化较弱;SOR分别介于0.21~0.41和0.23~0.44之间,察县相对较高的湿度使其SOR较高,而霍城县受区域输送影响使其SOR高于伊宁市.形成机制表明:察县和伊宁市的SO42-主要由非均相反应生成,伊宁县主要由均相反应产生,而霍城县SO42-的形成机制较为复杂,受到均相反应和非均相反应的共同影响. 相似文献
144.
近年来,秦岭地区发现了大量旧石器遗址,并开展了年代学研究。但是,秦岭南麓汉江下游地区的旧石器遗址研究相对较少。2018年夏天对汉江下游地区的野外考察中,在钟祥盆地和江汉平原发现了罗汉寺和岳家湾两处旧石器旷野遗址。两处遗址的剖面出土了较多原地埋藏的石制品,包括石片、石核,以及砍砸器、尖状器、刮削器、手稿、手斧等少量工具。利用石英单片再生剂量法(SAR-OSL)和热转移光释光(TT-OSL)技术,测得罗汉寺两个遗址点对应的文化层年代分别为53—30 ka和187 ka,岳家湾遗址旧石器文化层的年代为172—138 ka。这些年代有效填补了汉江下游地区部分旧石器时代遗址的年代空白。 相似文献
145.
挠力河流域农垦开发中居民地景观生态特征的变化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
运用GIS、景观格局分析与聚落分析方法定量分析了挠力河流域在快速农垦开发中居民地分布格局的时空变化,探讨了景观格局形成的机制。景观指数分析表明近50a来居民地面积和数目激增,居民地斑块面积、聚集度增大,表明人类对挠力河流域景观扰动持续增强。在所有背景地类中,居民地与耕地的邻接比例最高。伴随居民地和耕地迅速扩张,两者邻接比例呈上升趋势,两者相互影响越来越大。不同时期居民地扩张强度高值区分布有所不同,主要分布在早期的耕地新增区,1954-2000年挠力河流域居民地扩张高值区最终主要分布于该流域的西部与中部。虽然居民地数目和面积均激增,各居民地之间的距离亦呈缩短趋势,但居民地最近邻点指数表明,近50a来挠力河流域居民地分布类型一直为随机分布,农垦经济仍占主导地位,人为规划比城镇发达地区薄弱。 相似文献
146.
通过区内(竹蜓)类化石资料的整理研究,在黄龙组建(?)带三带五亚带,船山组两个带,并简述其分布规律及与国内外相应地层(?)带的对比。 相似文献
147.
148.
位于四川西北部的黄龙和九寨沟自然地质公园以其独特的高寒岩溶地质景观(钙华景观和层湖叠瀑景观)蜚声中外,被列为世界级风景区.本文介绍了黄龙钙华景观,将其分为钙华滩流、边石坝彩池、钙华瀑布、钙华洞穴和钙华泉;描述了九寨沟优美的层湖叠瀑景观,以及各主要景点的诗情画意。 相似文献
149.
Debasish Paul J.C. Majumdar Debasis Ghose R.C. Sastri 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2002,24(4):321-325
Limestone is an item most commonly consumed by the people in the Barak Valley area of Assam along with betel leaves. Also limestone chips are extensively used for water treatment in filter beds of these areas. A preliminary investigation on the activity of the samples of limestone, collected from the local market at Silchar, Assam, indicated the presence of beta and gamma-ray activity, prompting further investigations for the presence of alpha particle emitting radionuclides. Also the study of the ionising emissions from these samples using solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) has revealed the presence of spontaneous fission fragments along with alpha particles. This paper presents an account of the results obtained from the SSNTD studies of these limestone samples. 相似文献
150.
The Lyon-Turin High-Speed Rail: The Public Debate and Perception of Environmental Risk in Susa Valley,Italy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
When the construction of the Lyon-Turin segment of the new European high-speed rail network was first publicly announced at
the beginning of the 1990s, it immediately found fierce opposition from the inhabitants of Susa Valley, Italy, one of the
areas to be cut across by such infrastructure. At issue were the project’s potential environmental impact and its consequences
on public health. This study intends to clarify environmental risk perception and public debate between the national government,
local advocacy groups, and the inhabitants of Susa Valley. Two major phases of public reaction were identified: (1) an initial
rebellious period of no real dialog among the project’s major stakeholders (exemplified by the popular “No TAV” [No High Speed
Train] movement), followed by (2) a yielding period of intense multilateral negotiations centered on the activities of the
“Lyon-Turin Environmental Observatory.” The results of a qualitative cross analysis of the residents’ perception of the proposed
high-speed rail revealed that public acceptance of risk in Susa Valley was influenced by the characteristics of hazards perceived
by the residents and by the communicative approach used by the project’s various stakeholders. It also emerged that early
dialog among all the parties involved was critical in forming a personal viewpoint on risk, which, once consolidated, defied
new information and perspectives. Likely, a greater and earlier care taken by the other stakeholders to inform and consult
the local population about the railway would have greatly eased the public debate. 相似文献