Surveying macro-invertebrate diversity in the Tons river,Doon Valley,India

A survey of macro-invertebrates and their monthly variations occupying the Tons river in Doon Valley was conducted from August 2003–July 2004. Macro-invertebrate collections and water samples were taken from three sampling stations every month during the period of study. All the hydrological attributes were measured monthly for 1 year. The present study showed that the water velocity, hydromedian depth, turbidity and dissolved oxygen and nature and size of the bottom substrates do play a major role in determining the macro-invertebrate diversity of Tons river. The ecological relevance of the measured hydrological attributes was investigated by comparing their degree of correlation with invertebrate density and diversity. The Shannon–Wiener index (H′) of macro-invertebrates was found to be highest (3.60) during spring season (February and March) and lowest (2.59) during monsoon season (July and August). The high values of diversity index of macro-invertebrates at all the three sampling sites indicate diverse macro-invertebrate communities in the Tons river in Doon Valley, India.     

Disturbance-Response Analysis: a Method for Rapid Assessment of the Threat to Species in Disturbed Areas

Abstract:  We developed a method with which to analyze a specie's response to chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD). We regressed density of individuals on the intensity of 3 disturbance agents (human activities, raising livestock, and land degradation) along CAD gradients to determine how much CAD is experienced by a species; whether species are ruderal (achieving maximum densities in disturbed sites); whether density declines as a result of CAD; which disturbance agents are responsible for this reduction; and the number of populations that decline as a result of CAD. We tested the method on 9 threatened Mammillaria species (Cactaceae). Seven species were ruderal. In 4 species, actual disturbance surpassed the CAD intensity in which plants achieved their maximum densities; thus, the density of those 4 species appeared to be declining. For 7 species, some populations were threatened by human activities or livestock, whereas others were favored by them. Land degradation negatively affected all species. Our results allowed us to distinguish 4 groups of species that had similar responses and thus may require different forms of management. Our method provided an estimation of the growth rate (λ) of the studied populations that was significantly correlated with λs obtained from demographic studies. The size structures of populations were consistent with the predictions of the analysis, which suggests our results are consistent and reliable. Disturbance–response analysis provides a basis for management in heavily populated areas, where conservation must be achieved along with development activities that cause CAD. The method provides readily interpretable information, which facilitates participative decision making; the data are rapidly generated, which makes it appropriate when results are required promptly or for assessment of large numbers of species; and it provides a comprehensive perception of how threatened species behave in the real world.     

乌江流域资源开发与电力—冶金—化工基地建设

乌江流域是我国水能、煤炭、铝、磷资源富集区,具有储量大、质量好、分布相对集中、组合配置好等特点。目前该流域及其邻近省区电力紧缺,煤炭供应不足;铝、磷等更是我国经济发展中的短线产品。乌江流域经过多年建设,具备了综合开发、加工的基础。乌江流域具有建设电力—冶金—化工基地的优越条件,其开发在战略上应分两步走,前期重点加速水电梯级建设,扩大煤炭、磷矿、铝土矿等主要资源的开采规模,原煤、精选磷矿以外运为主;后期建设重点是在进一步开发水电梯级和扩大资源开发规模的同时,兴建火电厂,形成水火互济强大电力基地,发展氧化铝、电解铝、重钙、黄磷等铝、磷综合性加工工业,形成从矿山开采,到原矿初加工、深加工的冶金、化工基地。     

长江流域投资环境层次分析

分析了长江流域投资环境宏观，中观，微观各方面的基本特征，进而提出了从实际出发，加强长江流域投资与建设的基本思路。     

AN EFFICIENT RESPONSE MATRIX METHOD FOR COUPLING A GROUNDWATER SIMULATOR AND A REGIONAL AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT MODEL1

ABSTRACT: By extending the concept of response matrix to consider “active” and “passive” effects, an efficient response matrix method is developed for coupling a groundwater simulator and a regional agricultural management model The method eliminates the need to store all of the recovery information from preceding time periods. Active effects are those which occur during the actual application of a pumping or recharge stress while passive effects represent the recovery of water levels from an initial departure from steady-state conditions at the beginning of a time step. Derivation of the required matrices and a numerical example are presented for the Salinas Valley groundwater basin in California.     

开发右江河谷的芒果资源

芒果称为“热带果王”，百色右江河谷芒果资源丰富。文章分析了右江河谷的生态环境、开发利用芒果的有利条件、效益评价、发展前景预测，以及开发利用的措施。     

基于GGE双标图和纤维长度选择的长江流域棉花区域试验环境评价

采用GGE双标图方法对2000~2010年期间27个独立的长江流域棉花品种区域试验的安庆、南阳、黄冈、荆州、武汉、襄阳、常德、岳阳、南京、南通、盐城、九江、简阳、射洪和慈溪等15个试验环境（试验点）在棉纤维长度选择上的鉴别力、代表性、理想指数和离优度指数进行了全面分析和综合评价。对各试验环境基于纤维长度选择的综合评价表明,荆州、九江、安庆和常德是最理想的试验环境,对以长江流域为目标环境的广适性新品种选育和作为区域试验环境鉴别理想新品种的效率最高,而江苏和浙江省沿海棉区的试验环境（南通、盐城和慈溪）和四川盆地棉区试验环境（简阳和射洪）不适宜作为针对长江流域的纤维长度选择与推荐环境,从而展示了GGE双标图在棉花区域试验环境评价方面的应用效果,也为长江流域国家棉花区域试验方案的决策提供理论依据     

汉江流域水环境综合管理

汉江是我国重要的优质水源地和湖北省重要的水资源,汉江流域的水环境保护对湖北省汉江流域的经济和社会可持续发展有着极大的影响,对湖北省“中部崛起”战略的实施也十分重要。阐述和分析汉江流域的现状及其问题,并提出相应的对策以加强汉江流域水环境综合管理。     

三峡水利工程与长江流域生态环境建设和农业持续发展

本文简述了三峡水利工程对长江流域,特别是库区及中、下游地区资源、生态与环境的影响,并提出了持续农业与生态环境建设的措施与对策,以便更好地发挥三峡工程的综合效益。