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171.
采用固定样带法和样点法对梅江流域的鸟类群落进行了研究,共记录到201种,隶属16目49科127属,其中留鸟81种、冬候鸟67种、夏候鸟40种、旅鸟13种,分别占40.1%、33.3%、19.9%、6.7%;古北界种类95种(占47.3%),东洋界种类64种(占31.8%),广布型种类42种(占20.9%);国家I级保护种类1种,国家II级保护种类21种(占10%);《国际湿地公约》指定种类24种(占12%),《中澳候鸟保护协议》指定种类22种(占11%),《中日候鸟保护协议》指定种类76种(占38%),《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)指定种类19种(占9%),有益的、有重要经济价值的、有重要科学研究价值的物种155种(占77%)。该流域的鸟类群落多样性指数3.7617,均匀度指数0.7093。 相似文献
172.
Elizabeth Teresita Romero-Guzmán Lázaro Raymundo Reyes-Gutiérrez Anabel Sandoval-Pérez 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(6):574-588
Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy has been used for both morphological and elemental chemistry analyses of atmospheric particles. This technique allows the in situ observation of individual aerosol particles in the sample chamber. Aerotransported particles were analysed from seven monitoring stations located in the Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley (MZTV). Several different morphologies were identified: aggregates, porous spheres, rough and smooth compact material. The elemental composition included C, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Mn, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Ce. These are semiquantitative analyses considering the bulk sample or individual particles. It was possible to correlate or confirm some chemical associations such as C–S, Ca–S–O and Si–Al–O, probably due to the presence of compounds derived from incomplete combustion, building tailing materials and aluminosilicates of cortical origin. Bioaerosols such as pollen, spores, brochosomes and diatoms were identified in the zone; all these types of particles have a natural origin too. Several types of suspended particles were identified in the MZTV, they were from different sources (natural and anthropogenic) to which the population can be potentially exposed, and may cause harm in the short- and long-term, according to their chemical element composition and size. 相似文献
173.
Many of todays agricultural landscapes once held vast amounts of wetland habitat for waterbirds and other wildlife. Successful restoration of these landscapes relies on access to accurate maps of the wetlands that remain. We used C-band (5.6-cm-wavelength), HH-polarized radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) at a 38° incidence angle (8-m resolution) to map the distribution of winter shorebird (Charadriiformes) habitat on agricultural lands in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. We acquired imagery on three dates (10 December 1999, 27 January 2000, and 15 March 2000) and simultaneously collected ground reference data to classify radar signatures and evaluate map accuracy of four habitat classes: (1) wet with 50% vegetation (considered optimal shorebird habitat), (2) wet with > 50% vegetation, (3) dry with 50% vegetation, and (4) dry with > 50% vegetation. Overall accuracy varied from 45 to 60% among the three images, but the accuracy of focal class 1 was greater, ranging from 72 to 80%. Class 4 coverage was stable and dominated maps (40% of mapped study area) for all three dates, while coverage of class 3 decreased slightly throughout the study period. Among wet classes, class 1 was most abundant (about 30% coverage) in December and January, decreasing in March to approximately 15%. Conversely, class 2 increased dramatically from January to March, likely due to transition from class 1 as vegetation grew. This approach was successful in detecting optimal habitat for shorebirds on agricultural lands. For modest classification schemes, radar remote sensing is a valuable option for wetland mapping in areas where cloud cover is persistent.
Also, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA 相似文献
174.
汉江流域经济发展评价与战略思考 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
陈国阶 《长江流域资源与环境》1997,6(2):97-103
汉江流域地处我国中纬度的腹心地带,战略地位十分重要。流域已有一定经济实力和发展基础,具备较快发展的条件,但目前发展水平尚不高,产业发展层次低,结构不合理,存在交通不便,资源不丰,开放不够,投资能力小等不利因素。流域的发展主要面向长江产业带,面向沿海和太平洋,实行点轴发展模式。以市场为导向,依靠科学技术,逐步实现产业集约化和持续发展。 相似文献
175.
卿永吉 《长江流域资源与环境》1994,3(2):147-151
阐述长江流域铀矿资源开发利用的情况,包括铀矿资源的特点、开发及水冶加工,铀矿开发与环境的问题。分析铀矿开发的技术经济问题,总结了经验,并提出铀矿资源开发的对策与建议。 相似文献
176.
Eric G. Reichard John D. Bredehoeft 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1984,20(6):929-939
This study describes and demonstrates two alternate methods for evaluating the relative costs and benefits of artificial groundwater recharge using percolation ponds. The first analysis considers the benefits to be the reduction of pumping lifts and land subsidence; the second considers benefits as the alternative costs of a comparable surface delivery system. Example computations are carried out for an existing artificial recharge program in Santa Clara Valley in California. A computer groundwater model is used to estimate both the average long term and the drought period effects of artificial recharge in the study area. For the example problem, the benefits of reduced average annual pumping lifts and reduced incremental subsidence are greater than the total costs of continuing the existing artificial recharge program. Benefits for reduced subsidence are strongly dependent on initial aquifer conditions. The second analysis compares the costs of continuing the artificial recharge program with the costs of a surface system which would achieve the same hydraulic effects. Results indicate that the costs of artificial recharge are considerably smaller than the alternative costs of an equivalent surface system. In evaluating a particular program, consideration should also be given to uncertainties in future supplies and demands for water as well as to the probability of extreme events such as droughts. 相似文献
177.
178.
Evaluating the impact of water conservation on fate of outdoor water use: a study in an arid region 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this research, the impact of several water conservation policies and return flow credits on the fate of water used outdoors in an arid region is evaluated using system dynamics modeling approach. Return flow credits is a strategy where flow credits are obtained for treated wastewater returned to a water body, allowing for the withdrawal of additional water equal to the amount returned as treated wastewater. In the return credit strategy, treated wastewater becomes a resource. This strategy creates a conundrum in which conservation may lead to an apparent decrease in water supply because less wastewater is generated and returned to water body. The water system of the arid Las Vegas Valley in Nevada, USA is used as basis for the dynamic model. The model explores various conservation scenarios to attain the daily per capita demand target of 752 l by 2035: (i) status quo situation where conservation is not implemented, (ii) conserving water only on the outdoor side, (iii) conserving water 67% outdoor and 33% indoor, (iv) conserving equal water both in the indoor and outdoor use (v) conserving water only on the indoor side. The model is validated on data from 1993 to 2008 and future simulations are carried out up to 2035. The results show that a substantial portion of the water used outdoor either evapo-transpires (ET) or infiltrates to shallow groundwater (SGW). Sensitivity analysis indicated that seepage to groundwater is more susceptible to ET compared to any other variable. The all outdoor conservation scenario resulted in the highest return flow credits and the least ET and SGW. A major contribution of this paper is in addressing the water management issues that arise when wastewater is considered as a resource and developing appropriate conservation policies in this backdrop. The results obtained can be a guide in developing outdoor water conservation policies in arid regions. 相似文献
179.
180.
广州流溪河流域典型农业集水区降雨径流污染物输出特征分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取广州市流溪河流域典型农业集水区--新田小流域为研究对象,对研究区降雨地表径流进行定点监测,探讨降雨-径流条件下农业非点源污染物的动态变化规律和不同利用类型的地表景观对非点源污染的贡献情况.结果表明:在降雨事件下,污染物输出浓度总体上高于日常非降雨条件的污染物浓度,T-N、T-P和CODCr的平均输出浓度分别是非降雨条件下的3.8倍、7.8倍和32.1倍;整个降雨-径流过程中,降雨初期是非点源污染物流失的高峰期,污染物浓度变化总体趋势滞后于降雨强度的变化,但与径流量变化趋势总体上相似;从不同地表景观径流产污来看,经生活区的径流CODCr输出浓度显著上升,水田田面径流是引起水体环境N、P污染的主要原因. 相似文献